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428 AD: An Ordinary Year at the End of the Roman Empire [Hardcover]

Giusto Traina (Author), Averil Cameron (Preface)
3.5 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (10 customer reviews)

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Book Description

0691136696 978-0691136691 May 11, 2009 First English language edition

This is a sweeping tour of the Mediterranean world from the Atlantic to Persia during the last half-century of the Roman Empire. By focusing on a single year not overshadowed by an epochal event, 428 AD provides a truly fresh look at a civilization in the midst of enormous change--as Christianity takes hold in rural areas across the empire, as western Roman provinces fall away from those in the Byzantine east, and as power shifts from Rome to Constantinople. Taking readers on a journey through the region, Giusto Traina describes the empires' people, places, and events in all their simultaneous richness and variety. The result is an original snapshot of a fraying Roman world on the edge of the medieval era. The result is an original snapshot of a fraying Roman world on the edge of the medieval era.

Readers meet many important figures, including the Roman general Flavius Dionysius as he encounters a delegation from Persia after the Sassanids annex Armenia; the Christian ascetic Simeon Stylites as he stands and preaches atop his column near Antioch; the eastern Roman emperor Theodosius II as he prepares to commission his legal code; and Genseric as he is elected king of the Vandals and begins to turn his people into a formidable power. We are also introduced to Pulcheria, the powerful sister of Theodosius, and Galla Placidia, the queen mother of the western empire, as well as Augustine, Pope Celestine I, and nine-year-old Roman emperor Valentinian III.

Full of telling details, 428 AD illustrates the uneven march of history. As the west unravels, the east remains intact. As Christianity spreads, pagan ideas and schools persist. And, despite the presence of the forces that will eventually tear the classical world apart, Rome remains at the center, exerting a powerful unifying force over disparate peoples stretched across the Mediterranean.



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Editorial Reviews

From Publishers Weekly

Historian Traina, a professor at the University of Rouen, offers a series of snapshots of Roman history in a decidedly average year when the challenge was primarily to keep the grand imperial machinery running smoothly even as the empire's future was precarious. Although Traina's approach is wooden, he introduces a cast of people—pagan and Christian, military and civilian, male and female—who characterize this ambiguous and complex period of transition. Tensions within Christianity become clear from the story of Nestorius, a Syrian monk elected bishop of Constantinople in 428 only to be condemned three years later as a heretic for his views on the full divinity of Christ. By 428, questions about imperial unity dominated discussions between Rome and Constantinople as the Goth and Hun forces knocked on both the eastern and western doors of the empire. Traina's succinct traversal of the empire provides a glimpse of this transitional moment in Rome's history. Maps. (June)
Copyright © Reed Business Information, a division of Reed Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Review


Traina's focus on a single year, a half-century before the end of the Western Empire, reveals a world already more like the medieval period than ancient times, with Christian bishops arguing over heresy, ascetic monks perched atop columns, and Germanic tribes occupying much of Gaul and Spain (and preparing to invade Africa). -- Stewart Desmond, Library Journal



The great strength of Giusto Traina's elegant book is that it offers a new perspective on the Roman empire in the fifth century--precisely by bridging the long-standing historiographical gap between the East and the West. His idea is attractively simple: to offer a panoramic view of the Mediterranean world from Iran to Britain in one ordinary year, AD 428. The subtle tracing of a delicate and complex web of social, religious and political interconnections across the whole Mediterranean world offers an unparalleled opportunity to rethink the dynamics of the Roman empire in the fifth century. That exhilarating breadth of vision is Traina's substantial achievement. -- Christopher Kelly, Literary Review



The writing is crisp and clear, and while Mr. Traina introduces many different people to the reader in a short span, he carefully brings to life each one of them and gives us a glimpse into what life was like in an average year at the end of the Roman Empire. -- Kevin Winter, Sacramento Book Review



Put this on the shelf next to Philip Jenkins' The Lost History of Christianity and Adrian Goldsworthy's How Rome Fell. -- John Wilson, Books & Culture



Traina has written a compelling book on the late Roman world. By focusing his narrative on a single year, 428 CE, the year that the Kingdom of Armenia fell, Traina's narrative illuminates the breadth of the late Roman Empire in transition from its Classical past to its Medieval and Byzantine future. . . . Like Peter Brown's The World of Late Antiquity, this work is certain to generate new enthusiasm for the period and open fresh avenues of inquiry. -- Choice



In all, the subject matter of 428 AD is genuinely interesting. It has been researched thoroughly and paints a picture of an empire in flux, although religious change certainly takes centre stage as the main trend discussed in most of the chapters. The methodical notes and citation references could provide a valuable research tool for history students of this period. -- Bija Knowles, Heritage Key



A good book for anyone with an interest in the Roman Empire, Late Antiquity, and the rise and fall of empires. -- A. A. Nofi, Strategy Page



This focus on one year is novel. . . . Traina has done the fifth century a tremendous service by describing it in such a lively and engaging style, and it is hoped that his book will help inspire research on this under-studied period. -- Conor Whately, Bryn Mawr Classical Review



This book provides a helpful snapshot of life in the Roman Empire during the empire's declining years. -- John Aloisi, Journal of Early Christian Studies



Regarding the lands of today's Muslim world, this is a fascinating panorama of a moment in 'late antiquity.' -- Joseph P. Duggan, Saudi Aramco World



A brilliant essay and, basically, very useful for today. -- Jacques de Saint-Victor, Le Figaro



Written in an accessible style, Traina's book will be read with profit by anyone interested in the transition from classical antiquity to the Middle Ages, whether from a political, cultural, or religious perspective. His nuanced treatment of the interaction between an increasingly beleaguered paganism and an increasingly assertive Christianity in the urban centers and rural backwaters around the Mediterranean should be especially welcome to anyone interested in the history of the Church. -- Claudia Rapp, Catholic Historical Review



Traina's book is . . . an important statement about the nature of empire in the fifth century. His decision to consider this 'ordinary' year has allowed him to demonstrate, with great clarity and in a lively manner, his primary thesis. In 428 the empire still cohered as a political entity, the reality of which Traina has brilliantly captured in this study. His interpretation should be required reading for students of Roman history who assume, wrongly in my view, that the military defeats of the early fifth century signified the end of empire. -- Michele Salzman, Journal of Ecclesiastical History



The publication of this work . . . throws light on the important work being carried out not only by the author himself but also by many other scholars in Italy and elsewhere. For this reason at least, Princeton deserves our thanks for broadening the bounds of scholarship on late antiquity. -- Geoffrey Greatrex, Historian

Product Details

  • Hardcover: 232 pages
  • Publisher: Princeton University Press; First English language edition edition (May 11, 2009)
  • Language: English
  • ISBN-10: 0691136696
  • ISBN-13: 978-0691136691
  • Product Dimensions: 9.2 x 6.4 x 0.9 inches
  • Shipping Weight: 1 pounds (View shipping rates and policies)
  • Average Customer Review: 3.5 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (10 customer reviews)
  • Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #813,517 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

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Average Customer Review
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15 of 15 people found the following review helpful:
5.0 out of 5 stars A Better Book Than the Other Reviews May Indicate, August 20, 2009
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This review is from: 428 AD: An Ordinary Year at the End of the Roman Empire (Hardcover)
This book deals with a single year in the Later Roman Empire. As you might guess from the title that year is 428. The idea of showing a single typical year in the Empire is a brilliant one. Too often in the broad sweep of history the day to day minutiae of life are lost. It's too easy to see what happens based off of what happens after. History is mainly remembered by famous events which are, by definition, extraordinary. By confining himself to a single year the author shows a fair sample of what occurred. A previous review stated that this type of yearly chronicle doesn't work for ancient civilizations due to the lack of available data, but I feel that by keeping the chapters short he eliminates that problem. The chapters tend to be under ten pages long. This does make for a rather short book. Without the bibliography and notes it only comes out to 132 pages. This isn't a definitive study, merely a new way of looking at the late Roman Empire. The chapters move around the empire in a counter-clockwise direction starting with Armenia and ending with the Persian Empire. Each one is focused on something specific like the Visigoths in Spain or the end of the kingdom of Armenia. After reading it I feel like I have a better understanding of what life was like then. The book is fairly well written, but the translation is somewhat dry. I feel that this book has been rather unfairly criticized. It does not pretend to be an in-depth study. It is designed to break the mold by showing the events of only one year. The worst problem is it's length.
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27 of 30 people found the following review helpful:
5.0 out of 5 stars Panoramic tour de force, June 27, 2009
This review is from: 428 AD: An Ordinary Year at the End of the Roman Empire (Hardcover)
Traina's brilliant panoramic tour of one year, AD 428, a generation or two before the end of the Roman Empire, gives a sweeping vision of what the world was like on the cusp of the Middle Ages, from Europe to the Mediterranean, across the steppes and deserts of Central Asia to China. High recommend this clearly written, erudite, entertaining book brimming with amazing and curious narratives of familiar and exotic historical figures and events from a pivotal point in history, 1,500 years ago.
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37 of 50 people found the following review helpful:
1.0 out of 5 stars A slog through the desert dying of thirst, July 14, 2009
This review is from: 428 AD: An Ordinary Year at the End of the Roman Empire (Hardcover)
I do not like to give negative reviews but this book was a significant disappointment. It reads like a dry encyclopedia article that packs in the maximum information in the minimum space with the minimum of explanation and no concession to the reader. The text is only 132 pages long, followed by an additional 50 pages of Notes (the Preface had notes!). It took me over two weeks to finish. I won't say this is a bad book--I'm sure for the right reader it's the right book--but it is definitely not for the general reader.

Here is a sample of the dry-as-dust writing, and just a brief excerpt from a paragraph that is a full page long (p. 118 if you want to know). (I am leaving out the diacriticals!): "Initially, the Lakhmids sided with Rome, but very soon became vassals of the Sassanian Empire, and governed the oasis--until the Great King Khusro II suppressed the dynasty in 602. In the fifth century, the Bedouin of Hira were the guardians of the Sassanian border. When Flavius Dionysus carried out his embassy, his Persian opposite number was probably escorted by these warriors. In 428, their leader was al-Numan's son, Prince al-Mundhir, who in the past had taken in and protected Bharam, who had studied alongside the prince's own son, Numan the Younger."

A little of this goes a very long way.
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