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Ain't Nothing but a Man: My Quest to Find the Real John Henry

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We've all heard songs and stories of John Henry, the "steel-driving man". But is there a real man behind them? And what is his story?

Scott Nelson has written a fascinating book which not only digs deep into the John Henry story, but also shows how historians approach the past through a variety of sources, including dusty archives, obscure books, and even buried skeletons. With a light hand, he sketches the industrial, economic, and political landscape of the 19th century South and brings it to life for the reader through John Henry.

Based on his adult book "Steel Drivin' Man: John Henry: the Untold Story of an American Legend", this short book is a great way to transition middle schoolers from the idea that history is official and dry to the realization that history is active detective work, and that the life of the past is very relevant to the present.

I bought this book for my 6th-grader, who enjoys it, but read it myself, and found myself drawn into Nelson's approach and wanting to learn more -- so I'll be reading Steel Drivin' Man soon....

The author made an interesting choice to make the story of his own research the focus of this book. I think it worked really well in this case, given that there's so little known about the actual John Henry. Nelson is very up-front about the fact that much of his results are based on theory or conjecture, but overall the transparency of his research process gives a lot of weight to his conclusions. This is an interesting book both for what it tells us about the research process, but also for what we learn about John Henry's world.

In this title author Scott Reynolds Nelson addresses the process of his quest to find the real John Henry. Chapter one is titled "Stuck" where Nelson admits, "I was surrounded with research, and I did not know what to write." Who hasn't been in that position? This book is accessible in modeling the research/inquiry process - it's simple, not foreboding. This would be an additional resource in addressing the Reconstruction Period; it touches on reconstruction. I found his results convincing.

"One way for local whites to take the strut out of a black man's step was to put him in prison...Southerners who had just lost a war managed to convince courts to put hundreds of black men in prison, including black soldiers." -- from AIN'T NOTHING BUT A MAN

"But when you have seen vicious mobs lynch your mothers and fathers at will and drown your sisters and brothers at whim; when you have seen hate-filled policemen curse, kick and even kill your black brothers and sisters; when you see the vast majority of your twenty million Negro brothers smothering in an airtight cage of poverty in the midst of an affluent society; when you suddenly find your tongue twisted and your speech stammering as you seek to explain to your six-year-old daughter why she can't go to the public amusement park that has just been advertised on television, and see tears welling up in her eyes when she is told that Funtown is closed to colored children, and see ominous clouds of inferiority beginning to form in her little mental sky, and see her beginning to distort her personality by developing an unconscious bitterness toward white people...then you will understand why we find it difficult to wait."
-- the Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., from "Letter from Birmingham Jail"

Over the past 24 hours, I've been watching television news shows marking the fortieth anniversary of the assassination of MLK. I've seen in-depth features that examine the known facts and present snippets of conversations with those who were there at the time of the tragic events of 1968 Memphis.

What is the real truth concerning the FBI's, the Mafia's, or the Klan's role in the assassination of Reverend King? Will there one day be new evidence unearthed when someone leaves behind a deathbed confession? Will someone's private papers reveal unimagined and startling revelations? Might one of today's adolescents grow up to employ the Freedom of Information Act in a way that significantly enlightens us about events from the days of my own childhood?

History is a mystery, a swirling jigsaw puzzle, which is repeatedly being reworked and reinterpreted. Anyone who has done research -- whether a simple Google search or a rigorous extended process employing database searches, examinations of primary source materials, and interviews -- will readily appreciate the detective work of Professor Scott Reynolds Nelson, author of AIN'T NOTHING BUT A MAN: MY QUEST TO FIND THE REAL JOHN HENRY.

"Studying history may seem to be about filling up with knowledge -- like a car pulling into a gas station. Once you have a full tank, you are done. But it is just the opposite. The more you know about the past, the more questions you ask. Once you have a handle on what others have found, you can see the gaps, the spaces, the places that have not been covered. This is exactly what happened to me, for even before I ever thought about John Henry, I discovered that some 40,000 men, the largest railroad workforce in the South, were hardly mentioned in the history books. Why? I set out to learn more about those men. That was the big mystery I was trying to solve."

Professor Nelson eventually set his sights on also determining whether a real man amongst those 40,000 inspired the many generations of songs and stories about John Henry, the guy who supposedly outdid a steam drill with the hammer in his hand and then died. And in recounting a research process spanning many years -- a process of exploration, investigation, and interpretation -- along with revealing the fruits of that quest, Professor Nelson illustrates how our knowledge of history is the result of historians working long and hard to ferret out and make sense of clues about events from years ago. We learn from him that luck and inspiration, as well as determination, can play a role in what the world comes to know about the truth of the past.

"If I was right, and the song was talking about the Virginia Penitentiary, why was John Henry in prison? Why would he have been buried in the sand? And how did that connect to the C&O and steam drills and a contest of man against machine? Every question I asked led to more questions."

Through his work to shed light on these mysteries, Professor Nelson uncovered details of railroad construction and maintenance, historical tunnel excavation techniques, the development of and purpose for work songs, and even the possible genesis of the term "rock and roll."

In tracking down information on Nineteenth Century railroad workers and an imprisoned black man named John Henry -- a man who had been rented out by a warden during Reconstruction as part of a work crew -- Professor Nelson has provided readers an exceptional and fascinating look at how historians create the written record of the past.

Scott Reynolds Nelson went on a search to see if there was a real John Henry that inspired the songs and the legend of the man with the hammer who beat the steam drill in a contest.

First and foremost, this is a book written for children, but it was interesting to this grown up as well. The topic was interesting, the pictures are great - lots of real pictures from the past of men on railroad work crews with their equipment. Nelson goes on to explain how the songs were used by work crews not just for entertainment but to keep time while moving tracks and pounding on spikes. Lastly, he explains, step-by-step how he makes his investigation. This could have been extraordinarily boring, but Nelson keeps it interesting. He actually creates a sense of tension as he tracks down his information.

Nelson does come up with a potential source of the legend, provides a ton of internet resources, including websites to hear versions of the John Henry song and other similar songs, as well as other books. Aronson steps in with a easy-to-read short essay with 6 steps on "How to Be a Historian."

Nice book. Should be in every library.

I admit, I've read this twice. It's not just a wonderful and accessible text about US history, but, in the larger picture, it's the story of how myth becomes history. Think King Solomon's mines, the Trojan War and of other myths for which there is now archaeological evidence. A wonderful piece of research for your young historian!

When I first got this book, I wasn't too excited by the front cover or the description. But the old adage proved true in this case--don't judge this book by the cover! William and Mary professor Scott Reynolds Nelson has written a fascinating study of what happens when we follow the threads of history to a fascinating conclusion.
I'm sure we've all heard the old song or story of John Henry. Back in the days of railroad building, Henry was the man who battled a steam drill and won. Then, he laid down his drill and died.
Nelson took this story and traced the threads through history, reading and researching hundreds of songs and stories.
His conclusion is chilling and fascinating at the same time. What started as a idea in his head turns up with an unmarked grave holding 300 men. It is a forensic case history that was fascinating from the first chapter. It is a quick read disguised as a picture book but well worth the read. I guarantee you won't look at legends and myths the same way you did before!

This is a beautiful, well-produced volume that tells a nice story.

In my opinion, however, that story is wrong - the convict laborer John William Henry is not the legendary steel driver and the contest did not take place at Lewis Tunnel.