Alexander: V. 3 [Hardcover]

Valerio Massimo Manfredi (Author)

Book Description

Publication Date: November 9, 2001

Alexander's epic quest continues into the heart of Asia and on towards the mystery of India. The Macedonian Army march ever onward in search of glory, crushing resistance at every turn. The culture and beauty of Babylon is quickly ravaged and the Palace of Persepolis burnt to ashes and cinder. An empire is destroyed and a new and bloody era begins. But there are other things on Alexander's mind. An ambitious project to unite the peoples of the empire under one homeland, begins to obsess him. There are rebellions and bloodshed, but the curious beauty of Queen Roxanna gives Alexander the strength to fulfil his destiny...This is a truly compelling, romantic and exciting book, and a fitting conclusion to the bestselling Alexander trilogy.

Editorial Reviews

About the Author

Valerio Massimo Manfredi is an Italian historian and archaeologist and was voted Man of the Year 1999 by the American Biographical Institute. Manfredi's books have been translated into several languages. All of this Alexander books have been blockbusting successes all over Europe.

Excerpt. © Reprinted by permission. All rights reserved.

ONE

The King set off again across the desert, taking the route that led from the Oasis of Ammon directly to the banks of the Nile near Memphis. He rode alone for hours and hours astride his Sarmatian bay, while Bucephalus galloped alongside wearing no halter or tack at all. When Alexander realized just how long their journey was going to take, he sought to spare his horse whenever possible, keen to preserve its strength and vigor.

The march took three weeks under the baking hot sun, and they suffered greatly before the thin green line marking the fertile banks of the Nile came into view. However, Alexander seemed to be immune to exhaustion, hunger and thirst, so immersed was he in his thoughts and in his memories.

His companions tried not to disturb these reveries because they realized he needed to be alone in the midst of those endless, desert spaces, alone with his feeling of infinity, with his anxious dreams of immortality, with the passions of his soul. Only when evening fell was it possible to approach the King, and occasionally some of his friends would enter the tent to speak to him and keep him company while Leptine bathed him.

One day Ptolemy took him by surprise with a question he had been wanting to ask his King and friend for too long: "What did the god Ammon tell you?"

"He called me 'son,'" replied Alexander.

Ptolemy picked up the sponge that had fallen from Leptine's hand and returned it to her. "And what did you ask him?"

"I asked him if all of my father's murderers are dead or whether any of them have survived."

Ptolemy said nothing. He waited for the King to come out of the tub and then placed a towel of clean linen over his shoulders and began rubbing him dry. When Alexander turned, his friend looked firmly and deeply into his eyes and asked him, "So do you still love Philip, your father, now that you have become a god?"

Alexander sighed. "If you weren't here before me now, I would say that this question had come from Callisthenes or Cleitus the Black....Give me your sword."

Ptolemy looked at him in surprise, but he did not dare reply. He simply unsheathed his sword and held it out.

Alexander took the weapon and cut the skin on his arm with the sharp metal point so that a bright red rivulet started trickling down.

"What is this, Ptolemy, if it is not blood?"

"It is indeed blood."

"Quite. It is not the ichor which is said to run through the veins of the celestial gods," he continued, reciting from Homer. "Therefore, my friend, try to understand me, and if you love me, then put an end to these pointless jibes."

Ptolemy understood and apologized for having spoken in that way, while Leptine washed the King's arm with wine and put a bandage on the wound.

Alexander saw that his friend was truly sorry and invited him to stay for supper, even though there was not much to eat -- dry bread, dates, and some rather sharp palm wine.

"What are we going to do now?" asked Ptolemy.

"We will travel back to Tyre."

"And then?"

"I do not know. I think Antipater will send me news on what is happening in Greece, and our informers will let us know what Darius is planning. At that stage we will make our decision."

"I know that Eumenes has given you the bad news regarding your brother-in-law, Alexander of Epirus."

"Yes, he has. My sister Cleopatra will be beside herself with grief, and my mother too, for she loved her brother very much."

"But I am sure the greatest grief will be your own. Am I not right?"

"Yes, I believe you are."

"What was it that brought the two of you so close together, apart from your family ties?"

"A great dream we shared. Now the entire weight of that dream lies on my shoulders. One day we will invade Italy, Ptolemy, and we will annihilate the barbarians who killed him."

He poured some wine for his friend and then said, "Would you like to hear some poetry? I have invited Thessalus to keep me company."

"Indeed I would. Which poems have you chosen?"

"Works by a variety of poets, all of which are about the sea. These endless sands around us remind me of the great expanse of the sea, and then all this dryness makes me long for it."

As soon as Leptine had cleared away the two small tables, the actor entered. He wore a stage costume and had makeup on his face -- bister around his eyes, his mouth lined with minium, a red dye to create a bitter expression, like those of the masks from the tragedies. He strummed some subdued chords on his lyre and began:

"O breeze, breeze of the sea,

That wafts swift galleys, ocean's coursers,

Across the surging main!

Where will you bear me, the sorrowful one?"

Alexander listened in the deep silence of the night, enchanted by the voice that was capable of any intonation, of resonating through all human feeling and passion, of imitating the very wind and the crash of thunder.

They sat up until late in the night listening to the voice of the great actor as it mutated through every shade of feeling, wailing through the tears of women, or rising proud as he gave voice to the heroes.

When Thessalus finished, Alexander embraced him. "Thank you," he said, his eyes moist with emotion. "You have evoked the dreams that will come to me this night. Now go and rest -- we have a long march ahead of us tomorrow."

Ptolemy waited up a little longer to drink some wine with Alexander.

"Do you ever think about Pella?" he suddenly asked. "Do you ever think of your mother and your father, of the days when we were boys and we rode all over the hills of Macedon? Of the shining waters of our rivers and our lakes?"

Alexander considered the question for a moment and then replied, "Yes, often, but it's as though they are distant images, like things that happened many, many years ago. Our life is so intense that each hour is like a year."

"This means, then, that we will grow old before our time, does it not?"

"Perhaps, or perhaps not. The lamp that burns brightest in the room is the one that is destined to burn out first, but all those present will remember just how beautiful its light was during its heyday."

He pulled the door of the tent to one side and accompanied Ptolemy outside. The sky over the desert was filled with a myriad of stars and the two young men lifted their eyes to look.

"Perhaps this too is the destiny of the stars that shine brightest in the celestial vault. May your night be a peaceful one, my friend."

"And yours too, Aléxandre," replied Ptolemy, as he moved off toward his tent on the edge of the camp.

Five days later they reached the banks of the Nile at Memphis, where Parmenion and Nearchus were waiting for them. That same night Alexander saw Barsine again. She was staying in a sumptuous building that had belonged to a pharaoh, and her apartments had been arranged on the upper floors. In the evening the northerly winds brought to these rooms a pleasant coolness as they stirred the blue byssus curtains, as light and delicate as butterfly wings.

She waited for him, sitting on an armchair decorated with gold and enamel friezes, dressed in a light gown in the Ionian style. Her black hair with its violet highlights lay loose over her shoulders and she wore light makeup after the Egyptian manner.

The moonbeams and the light of the lamps hidden behind alabaster screens mingled in an atmosphere perfumed with nard and aloe, glowing with amber reflections from the onyx tanks full of water, on the surface of which lotus flowers and rose petals floated. From an openwork screen of stylized ivy branches and gliding birds came the quiet, gentle music of flutes and harps. The walls were completely frescoed with ancient Egyptian pictures representing scenes in which naked maidens danced to the sound of lutes and tambouras before the royal couple on their thrones, and in a corner there was a large bed with a blue canopy supported by four columns of gilded wood, with capitals in the shape of lotus flowers.

Alexander entered and looked long and ardently at Barsine. His eyes were still full of the dazzling-light of the desert, his ears rang with the sacred words of the Oracle of Ammon, his whole body, emanated an aura of magical enchantment: the golden locks falling on his shoulders, his muscled chest with the scars it carried, the changing color of his eyes, his slender, nervous hands with their blue veins. Over his naked body he wore only a light chlamys, held loosely on his left shoulder with an ancient silver buckle, an age-old inheritance of the Argead dynasty, and a golden ribbon around his forehead.

Barsine stood up and immediately felt lost in the light of his gaze, "Aléxandre...," she said as he pulled her into his arms and kissed her lips, as full and moist as ripe dates. He pulled her down to the bed and caressed her hips and her warm, perfumed breasts.

But suddenly the King felt her skin go cold and her limbs stiffen under his hands; a menacing air permeated the room, sending all his warrior's senses into alarm. He turned quickly to face the imminent danger and found himself being attacked head-on by a body running toward him. He saw a hand raised as it brandished a dagger, he heard a wild, strident cry reverberate around the walls of the bed-chamber he heard Barsine cry out in grief and in pain.

Alexander quickly pinned the aggressor to the floor, twisting his wrist and forcing him to release the weapon. He could have massacred him there and then with the heavy lamp holder he had instinctively grabbed, but he had recognized the young fifteen-year-old -- Eteocles, Memnon and Barsine's eldest son! The boy struggled and turned like a young lion caught in a trap, shouting all sorts of insults, biting and scratching now that he was unarmed.

The guards burst in, having heard the scuffle, and they took hold of the aggressor. The officer in command understood immediately what had happened and called out, "An attempt on the King's life! Take him below and have him tortured before he's executed."

But Barsine threw herself crying ... --This text refers to the Paperback edition.

Product Details

• Hardcover: 464 pages
• Publisher: Macmillan (November 9, 2001)
• ISBN-10: 0333906950
• ISBN-13: 978-0333906958
• Product Dimensions: 9.7 x 6.2 x 1.6 inches
• Shipping Weight: 1.4 pounds
• Average Customer Review: 4.2 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (17 customer reviews)
• Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #2,943,313 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

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12 of 13 people found the following review helpful:

4.0 out of 5 stars ''ALEXANDRE --, June 9, 2005

By 

Gianluca Bortini "di Rivarossa, Montebello, e... (New York, NY USA) - See all my reviews
(REAL NAME)   

This review is from: Alexander: The Ends of the Earth: A Novel (Paperback)

Alexandre // the vocative of Alexandros well captures the undisputed affection, esteem, dedication, and admiration that most - if not all, Alexandros' men (soldiers, companions, conquered, etc.) felt for this charismatic, fascinating and pervasive leader. Alexander, like Achilleus, lived a short (but glorious) life. Alexander is history whereas Achilleus is myth, but both are legendary heroes that have inspired most of the great men and women who came after them.

Valerio Manfredi has done a brilliant job in completing this trilogy which reminds me of the brilliant work by Mary Renault. Manfredi is an archeologist, a professor of Classics at the best Italian university, and a diligent scholar. What we know about Alexander comes from the fragments of Ptolemaios, Callisthenes, Chares, Ephippus, Nicobule, Onesicritus, Nearchus, Aristobulus, Cleitarchus, as well as the biographies written by Arrian, Plutarch, Quintus Curtius Rufus, Diodorus Siculus, Iustinus, Pompeius Trogus, and more recent works such as the " Romance of Alexander" and the " Alexandros" of Metz, as well as scholars such as Badian and followers. There are still some fragments of the Ephemerisis, that is, the royal journal. Much is unknown as unknown is the place where the body of Alexander had been transported after the Roman Empire's decline.

Manfredi has chosen to rearrange anachronistically some known facts about Alexander's life such as the marriage with Stateira before the one with Roxane and his passionate love for Barsine. He has chosen to create the character of Leptine, a woman, as "personal caretaker and attendant" instead of Bagoas, a eunuch yes, but still a male as for appearances, behavior, strength, and thought processes, as Renault did. He doesn't openly address the relationship between Alexander and Hephaistion, his lifelong friend, love, lover, but most of all most trustworthy companion. He avoids an open discussion about the known bisexuality of the king, an issue that was considered acceptable and suitable in the Hellenic civilization.

Manfredi beautifully reports the mutual affection between Alexander and his horse Bukephalos and the dog Peritas. The pages about the gymnosophist Kalanos, the transmigration of the soul (metempsychosis) as postulated by Pythagoras are truly fascinating.

It's impossible to understand Alexander without having read (and re-read) the Ilias, the mythical life of Achilleus' vision and choices, Aristoteles' body of knowledge and work, the Greek tragedy, mythology, and the antropomorhic conception of the gods. Alexander was a soldier, a general, a leader, and a "strategos." Historians have argued about Alexander's hubris, such as the arrogant belief of being the son (or one of the sons) of Zeus-Ammon, the Gods' father in the Libyan tradition (remember Cyrenae was founded by Battos, citizen of Thera [Santorini]). Later, the emperor Octavianus (Augustus) speculated the vision of an eagle flying away from the tomb of Julius Caesar (Dive) to elevate him to apotheosis. Augustus was inspired by Alexander's greatness, beauty as well as for his dynamic charisma and courage. Augustus wept when he saw Alexandros resting in his sepulcher in Alexandria of Egypt.

Alexander's vision is beyond our reach and very difficult to understand. He lived in a period where reality did often collide with the mythical world. History and legend, myth and epics were all parts of the same continuum with no firm division between the two poles. Alexander, Aristoteles' pupil was a brilliant well-educated man. He loved the arts, poetry, epics, tragedy, philosophy and theater. He was a philanthropist and his lifelong friendship for Thessalos, one of the greatest actors and dranatist of antiquity it's an indication of it. He had interests in medicine, geography, engineering, but most of all he was an outstanding, unique, brave,magnificent soldier and general; actually, he probably has been the most remarkable ever existed.

The historical (and legendary) icon of Alexander reaches its most significant (and emblematic) period in the last five years of his short life. These are also the years where he came to believe he really was the son of Zeus-Ammon as Achilleus was the son of Tethis, a nymph and daughter of Nereus. God's definition is not only the one known by most. Dios (not Theos), godlike , was also a being of supernatural powers, believed in and worshipped by people as well as one that is worshipped or idealized by people (see the Ilias - dios Achilleus). This is also the time when Hephaistion died (Nov. 323 BCE). Alexandros,(as Achilleus after Patroklos' death) still had visions of conquering the rest of the existing world (Arabia, Carthago, Magna Graecia, ...and Rome) but probably these outbursts were the results of his excessive drinking, a mean of self-medication to fill the emotional emptiness).

This is a great book for anyone who wants to see Alexandros as a reminiscence of the legendary Achilleus - a bit less for those who study Alexandros in Academia. "Alexandre" - Oh Alexander - still today, after more than 2300 years, Alexandros is one of the greatest man ever existed, a source of inspiration, fondness, and admiration. Alexandros' icon is a light that will never end burning. He has done and left too much to be forgotten.

7 of 9 people found the following review helpful:

3.0 out of 5 stars The Fantasy Version, November 28, 2006

By 

Nocturnal (San Francisco) - See all my reviews

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This review is from: Alexander: The Ends of the Earth: A Novel (Paperback)

I think you learn more about Manfredi in this trilogy then you do of Alexander. He takes a lot of liberties, skips over some of the things we do know about Alexander (so little is known and it feels wrong to skip over what little we do know) and embroiders heavily. If you keep that in mind, the books are a good read. However, if you depend on them to give you a true idea of who Alexander was, how he lived, what he did--even to get an idea of the extend of conquest that Alexander did--you will be seriously misguided by this series. Alexander's relationship with Hespastian was pivotal to his life yet Manfredi hardly touches on it. Alexander's relationship with Bagoas was an important aspect of those times yet Bagoas is hardly even mentioned. Most of Alexander's marriages to women were basically political connections yet Manfredi expands on them (to a degree that rings false if applied to Alexander; perhaps if Manfredi had been Alexander, it may have been that way). The marches Alexander lead his army on through the Hindu Kush, through the desert, through hell basically, was not communicated well in the book; they're made to sound like strained hikes. I think Manfredi missed completely what drove the men to follow Alexander through thick and thin, how the men loved Alexander and for most of those years did everything for him. And I especially detested the ending of this book. Yes, Alexander sickened and died not in battle but was brought down by [disease? poison? multiple physical strains?]--and immediately after his death all that Alexander (and the army) had done, all that had been worked for was all undone by his generals all wanting to be king but none of them up to snuff. If you read this trilogy, just keep in mind that most of the fleshing out is pure Manfredi imagination; don't automatically accept that Alexander felt or said or thought this way. I think Alexander had bigger, deeper, more majestic views of everything that Manfredi can't even begin to guess at.

2 of 2 people found the following review helpful:

5.0 out of 5 stars Alexander- The Ends of the Earth- The saga concludes, March 1, 2005

By 

Atharva (Mumbai, India) - See all my reviews

This review is from: Alexander: The Ends of the Earth: A Novel (Paperback)

The third and final chapter of Manfredi's `Alexander' series concludes the epic, and is as beautifully narrated as the first to volumes. Manfredi strikes again with his colour- ful narration and painstaking research. His scholarship continues to amaze.

Emperor Darius of Persia may have suffered a setback, but his armies are still huge and his resources are many. The great battle of Guagemala may have practically dethroned him, but his nobles rebel, and Alexander must face a new host of enemies. The wild plains of the Scythians and the eastern fortresses of the Persians provide new obstacles. Meanwhile discontent breeds among his armies.

Even as Alexander discovers love- the love of Roxanne, a beautiful Scythian princess, his soldiers are weary, and pine for their homes and families. But Alexander is determined to reach the ends of the earth and Porus, the valiant Indian king, and the deserts near the Sea are obstacles he must conquer.

This volume is different from the others. In this third part, Alexander's dark side emerges, and we begin to view him as a grey character, not the hundred percent hero he appears to be in the other volumes. This book is definitely darker than the others, but it still is a fantastic conclusion to an adventure born in the misty mountains of Macedon.