The Ancient Library of Qumran [Paperback]

Frank Moore Cross Jr. (Author), Mary A. Tolbert (Collaborator), Fernando F. Segovia (Collaborator)

Book Description

Publication Date: September 5, 2000 | ISBN-10: 0800628071 | ISBN-13: 978-0800628079 | Edition: 3

The discovery of manuscripts and papyri in the Judaean desert has not ceased. Nor have all of the texts which have come to light been published; however, the history of their discovery and much of their content and significance can be described. This is done in this book. In place of the many unbridled speculations that have been spread abroad in certain publications, this volume gives a sober and objective account by a scholar who has taken a leading part in the editing and evaluation of the Qumran texts. The form of the book is shaped by its origin in the Haskell Lectures. Each lecture, after the first chapter recounting the history of the finds, deals with a single, but major area of scroll research. Each records an attempt to achieve in a given area a synthesis, or at least a systematic interepretation of the facts now available. Old and new, published and unpublished data are drawn upon. The text of the lectures has been expanded by very extensive footnoting. The notes are written at two levels: most contain technical discussion, especially at points where unpublished material or unpublished views are alluded to in the text; at the same time a number of explanatory notes are directed to the reader with less background in the field.

--This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title.

Product Details

• Paperback: 224 pages
• Publisher: Augsburg Fortress Publishers; 3 edition (September 5, 2000)
• Language: English
• ISBN-10: 0800628071
• ISBN-13: 978-0800628079
• Product Dimensions: 9.2 x 6.2 x 0.5 inches
• Shipping Weight: 12.8 ounces (View shipping rates and policies)
• Average Customer Review: 5.0 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (1 customer review)
• Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #1,142,198 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

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6 of 7 people found the following review helpful:

5.0 out of 5 stars An authoritative introduction, June 25, 2004

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FrKurt Messick "FrKurt Messick" (Bloomington, IN USA) - See all my reviews
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This review is from: The Ancient Library of Qumran (Paperback)

Frank Moore Cross is one of the early scroll scholars, and his book, 'The Ancient Library of Qumran' was one of the earliest popular publications of the discovery and contents of the scrolls. Originally published less than ten years after the scroll discoveries in 1947/48, this volume has proven popular enough to stay in print, being updated several times. This latest edition was published in 1995, with updated material as the scroll processes continue.

Cross's first chapter examines the discovery of the scrolls, including some of the intrigues of the bedouins and antiquities dealers in the West Bank region, and subsequent explorations and excavations that revealed more caves in the Qumrani region with scrolls and scroll fragments. Cross introduces a few of the key scroll players (Roland de Vaux among them) as well as the beginning process of reconstruction. In his supplement for chapter 1, updating materials, he discusses the many publications now available for the scrolls.

The second chapter introduces the Essenes, the group of people responsible for the majority of the scrolls, according to the primary interpretation by the scroll scholars. These people are still enigmatic - references to them are few and far between in the ancient world, and the scrolls do not specifically identify them as the scribes and authors of the scrolls, so this interpretation still has some controversy attached to it.

Chapter three develops some of the most interesting and controversial characters discovered in the texts of the scrolls - the Teacher of Righteousness and the Wicked Priest. Cross holds to the most widely held interpretation of these figures, in that the Teacher of Righteousness was the founder or leader of the Qumrani Essene community, and the Wicked Priest was the Jerusalem Temple priest who persecuted the Essenes. Other interpretations (that Jesus was the Teacher of Righteousness and Paul was the Wicked Priest; that John the Baptist was the Teacher of Righteousness and Jesus was the Wicked Priest, etc.) are not really addressed here, but are taken up again in a later chapter..

The fourth chapter looks at the texts of the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament found among the scrolls - the largest body of material in the scrolls are texts of scripture. There are variations and differences, some of which can be attributed to scribal error (mis-copying), but others not so. The Torah is the largest body of scrolls by far; the integrity of the current Torah texts is reaffirmed to a large extent given these new scrolls, as the differences are on a percentage basis very small. In the end, every book of the Hebrew Bible has been found among the scrolls with the possible exception of Esther. This chapter is rather technical in terms of textual studies.

The fifth chapter explores the early scroll scholars ideas of possible connections between the Essenes and the early Christian church. The apocalyptic nature of the Essenes and the enigmatic figures are compared with early Christian ideas and images, but there are no direct and substantial connections that Cross identifies, and he discounts (probably correctly) other interpretations that try to force identities. Cross is a little more free with postulating a connection, or at least an influence, of Essene organisational structures and liturgical patterns with early Christian practices. After chapter six, Cross had added a brief postscript about the Essenes and the Christian gospel which again shows connections, but is really not drawing parallels as much as it is showing some common features and points of divergence, either in substance or in tone.

The final chapter looks at the generation of research and discovery since the 1947/48 revelation of the first scrolls. This is not a summary narrative of the history, but rather a look at some key events and issues that have arisen in the course of the scroll team's work. Cross does not deal with the issues of access and restriction to the scrolls, or the more bizarre and sensational interpretations. He looks at paleography, orthography, the history of biblical texts in relation to the scrolls, and the history of the Qumrani settlement itself.

The book is interesting and valuable as one of the continuously updated records of scroll research from one of the foremost scroll scholars.