Application-Specific Integrated Circuits [Hardcover]

Michael John Sebastian Smith (Author)

Book Description

ISBN-10: 0201500221 | ISBN-13: 978-0201500226 | Publication Date: June 20, 1997

This comprehensive book on application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) describes the latest methods in VLSI-systems design. ASIC design, using commercial tools and predesigned cell libraries, is the fastest, most cost-effective, and least error-prone method of IC design. As a consequence, ASICs and ASIC-design methods have become increasingly popular in industry for a wide range of applications. The book covers both semicustom and programmable ASIC types. After describing the fundamentals of digital logic design and the physical features of each ASIC type, the book turns to ASIC logic design-design entry, logic synthesis, simulation, and test-and then to physical design-partitioning, floorplanning, placement, and routing. You will find here, in practical, well-explained detail, everything you need to know to understand the design of an ASIC, and everything you must do to begin and to complete your own design.

Editorial Reviews

From the Inside Flap

In 1988 I began to teach full-custom VLSI design. In 1990 I started teaching ASIC design instead, because my students found it easier to get jobs in this field. I wrote a proposal to The National Science Foundation (NSF) to use electronic distribution of teaching material. Dick Lyon helped me with preparing the first few CD-ROMs at Apple, but Chuck Seitz, Lynn Conway, and others explained to me that I was facing a problem that Carver Mead and Lynn had experienced in trying to get the concept of multichip wafers adopted. It was not until the publication of the Mead-Conway text that people accepted this new idea. It was suggested that I must generate interest using a conventional format before people would use my material in a new one (CD-ROM or the Internet). In 1992 I stopped writing papers and began writing this book-a result of my experiments in computer-based education. I have nearly finished this book twice. The first time was a copy of my notes. The second time was just before the second edition of Weste and Eshragian was published-a hard act to follow. In order to finish in 1997 I had to stop updating and including new ideas and material and now this book consists of three parts: Chapters 1-8 are an introduction to ASICs, 9-14 cover ASIC logical design, and 15-17 cover the physical design of ASICs.

The book is intended for a wide audience. It may be used in an undergraduate or graduate course. It is also intended for those in industry who are involved with ASICs. Another function of this book is an "ASIC Encyclopedia," and therefore I have kept the background material needed to a minimum. The book makes extensive use of industrial tools and examples. The examples in Chapters 2 and 3 use tools and libraries from MicroSim (PSpice), Meta Software (HSPICE), Compass Design Automation (standard-cell and gate-array libraries), and Tanner Research (L-Edit). The programmable ASIC design examples in Chapter 4-8 use tools from Compass, Synopsys, Actel, Altera, and Xilinx. The examples in Chapter 9 (covering low-level design entry) used tools from Exemplar, MINC, AMD, UC Berkeley, Compass, Capilano, Mentor Graphics Corporation, and Cadence Design Automation. The VHDL examples in Chapter 10 were checked using QuickVHDL from Mentor, V-System Plus from Model Technology, and Scout from Compass. The Verilog examples in Chapter 11 were checked using Verilog-XL from Cadence, V-System Plus, and VeriWell from Wellspring Solutions. The logic synthesis examples in Chapter 12 were checked with the ASIC Synthesizer product family from Compass and tools from Mentor, Synopsys, and UC Berkeley. The simulation examples in Chapter 13 were checked with QuickVHDL, V-System/Plus, PSpice, Verilog-XL, DesignWorks from Capilano Computing, CompassSim, QSim, MixSim, and HSPICE. The test examples in Chapter 14 were checked using test software from Compass, Cadence, Mentor, Synopsys and Capilano's DesignWorks. The physical design examples in Chapters 15-17 were generated and tested using Preview, Gate Ensemble, and Cell Ensemble (Cadence) as well as ChipPlanner, ChipCompiler, and PathFinder (Compass). All these tools are installed at the University of Hawaii.

I wrote the text using FrameMaker. This allows me to project the text and figures using an LCD screen and an overhead projector. I used a succession of Apple Macintosh computers: a PowerBook 145, a 520, and lastly a 3400 with 144 MB of RAM, which made it possible for me to create updates to the index in just under one minute. Equations are "live" in FrameMaker. Thus, can be updated in a lecture and the new result displayed. The circuit layouts are color EPS files with enhanced B&W PICT previews created using L-Edit from Tanner Research. All of the Verilog and VHDL code examples, compiler and simulation input/output, and the layout CIF that were used in the final version are included as conditional (hidden) text in the FrameMaker document, which is approximately 200 MB and just over 6,000 pages (my original source material spans fourteen 560 MB optical disks). Software can operate on the hidden text, allowing, for example, a choice of simulators to run the HDL code live in class. I converted draft versions of the VHDL and Verilog LRMs and related standards to FrameMaker and built hypertext links to my text, but copyright problems will have to be solved before this type of material may be published. I drew all the figures using FreeHand. They are "layered" allowing complex drawings to be built-up slowly or animated by turning layers on or off. This is difficult to utilize in book form, but can be done live in the classroom.

A course based on FPGAs can use Chapter 1 and Chapters 4-8. A course using commercial semicustom ASIC design tools may use Chapters 1-2 or Chapters 1-3 and then skip to Chapter 9 if you use schematic entry, Chapter 10 (if you use VHDL), or Chapter 11 (if you use Verilog) together with Chapter 12. All classes can use Chapters 13 and 14. FPGA-based classes may skim Chapters 15-17, but classes in semicustom design should cover these chapters. The chapter dependencies-Y (X) means Chapter Y depends on X-are approximately: 1, 2(1), 3(2), 4(2), 5(4), 6(5), 7(6), 8(7), 9(2), 10(2), 11(2), 12(10 or 11), 13(2), 14(13), 15(2), 16(15), 17(16).

I used the following references to help me with the orthography of complex terms, style, and punctuation while writing: Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, 10th edition, 1996, Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster, ISBN 0-87779-709-9, PE1628.M36; The Chicago Manual of Style, 14th edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993, ISBN 0-226-10389-7, Z253.U69; and Merriam-Webster's Standard American Style Manual, 1985, Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster, ISBN 0-87779-133-3, PN147.W36. A particularly helpful book on technical writing is BUGS in Writing by Lyn DuprE, 1995, Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, ISBN 0-201-60019-6, PE1408.D85 (this book grew from Lyn DuprE's unpublished work, Style SomeX, which I used).

The bibliography at the end of each chapter provides alternative sources if you cannot find what you are looking for. I have included the International Standard Book Number (ISBN) and Library of Congress (LOC) Call Number for books, and the International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) for journals (see the LOC information system, LOCIS, at loc.gov). I did not include references to material that I could not find myself (except where I have noted in the case of new or as yet unpublished books). The electronic references given in this text have (a last) access date of 4/19/97 and omit enclosing if the reference does not include spaces.

I receive a tremendous level of support and cooperation from industry in my work. I thank the following for help with this project: Cynthia Benn and Lyn DuprE for editing; Helen Goldstein, Peter Gordon, Susan London-Payne, Tracy Russ, and Juliet Silveri, all at Addison-Wesley; Matt Bowditch and Kim Arney at Argosy; Richard Lyon, Don North, William Rivard, Glen Stone, the managers of the Newton group, and many others at Apple Computer who provided financial support; Apple for providing support in the form of software and computers; Bill Becker, Fern Forcier, Donna Isidro, Mike Kliment, Paul McLellan, Tom Schaefer, Al Stein, Rich Talburt, Bill Walker, and others at Compass Design Automation and VLSI Technology for providing the opportunity for me to work on this book over many years and allowing me to test material inside these companies and on lecture tours they sponsored; Chuck Seitz at Caltech; Joseph Cavallaro, Bernie Chern, Jerry Dillion, Mike Foster, and Paul Hulina at the NSF; the NSF for financial support with a Presidential Young Investigator Award; Jim Rowson and Doug Fairbairn; Constantine Anagnostopolous, Pin Tschang and members of the ASIC design groups at Kodak for financial support; the disk-drive design group at Digital Equipment Corp. (Massachusetts), Hewlett-Packard, and Sun Microsystems for financial support; Ms. MOSIS and all of the staff at MOSIS who each have helped me at one point or another by providing silicon, technical support, and documentation; Bob Brodersen, Roger Howe, Randy Katz, and Ed Lee of UC Berkeley for help while I was visiting UCB; James Plummer of Stanford, for providing me with access to the Terman Engineering Library as a visiting scholar, as well as Abbas El Gamal and Paul Losleben, also at Stanford, for help on several occasions; Don Bouldin at University of Tennessee; Krzysztof Kozminski at MCNC for providing Uncle layout software; Gershom Kedem at Duke University for the public domain tools his group has written; Sue Drouin, JosE De Castro, and others at Mentor Graphics Corporation in Oregon for providing documentation and tools; Vahan Kasardjhan, Gail Grego, Michele Warthen, Steve Gardner, and others at the University Program at Cadence Design Automation in San Jose who helped with tools, documentation, and support; Karen Dorrington and the Cadence group in Massachusetts; Andy Haines, Tom Koppin, Sherri Mieth, Velma Miller, Robert Nales

From the Back Cover

This comprehensive book on application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) describes the latest methods in VLSI-systems design. ASIC design, using commercial tools and pre-designed cell libraries, is the fastest, most cost-effective, and least error-prone method of IC design. As a consequence, ASICs and ASIC-design methods have become increasingly popular in industry for a wide range of applications.

The book covers both semicustom and programmable ASIC types. After describing the fundamentals of digital logic design and the physical features of each ASIC type, the book turns to ASIC logic design - design entry, logic synthesis, simulation, and test - and then to physical design - partitioning, floorplanning, placement, and routing. You will find here, in practical well-explained detail, everything you need to know to understand the design of an ASIC, and everything you must do to begin and to complete your own design.

Features

• Broad coverage includes, in one information-packed volume, cell-based ICs, gate arrays, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), and complex programmable logic devices (PLDs).
• Examples throughout the book have been checked with a wide range of commercial tools to ensure their accuracy and utility.
• Separate chapters and appendixes on both Verilog and VHDL, including material from IEEE standards, serve as a complete reference for high-level, ASIC-design entry.

As in other landmark VLSI books published by Addison-Wesley - from Mead and Conway to Weste and Eshraghian - the author's teaching expertise and industry experience illuminate the presentation of useful design methods. Any engineer, manager, or student who is working with ASICs in a design project, or who is simply interested in knowing more about the different ASIC types and design styles, will find this book to be an invaluable resource, reference, and guide.

0201500221B04062001

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Product Details

• Hardcover: 1040 pages
• Publisher: Addison-Wesley Professional (June 20, 1997)
• Language: English
• ISBN-10: 0201500221
• ISBN-13: 978-0201500226
• Product Dimensions: 9.6 x 7.9 x 1.8 inches
• Shipping Weight: 3.9 pounds
• Average Customer Review: 4.5 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (11 customer reviews)
• Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #234,387 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
  • #23 in Books > Computers & Technology > Hardware > Microprocessors & System Design > Microprocessor Design

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Customer Reviews

Most Helpful Customer Reviews

32 of 32 people found the following review helpful:

5.0 out of 5 stars Very comprehensive and very high quality, May 9, 1999

By A Customer

This review is from: Application-Specific Integrated Circuits (Hardcover)

This is a huge book and it covers an enormous area, including FPGAs, VHDL, Verilog, logic synthesis, simulation, testing, and layout. It contains an amazing amount of detail, maybe too much. You can use it like an encyclopedia, but it also makes sense to read. I like the the use of a lot of well drawn figures. I'm tired of the squashed circles in other textbooks that always makes me wonder what other problems are in them. The whole VLSI Series (Mead-Conway and Weste-Eshragian) is very well done. After reading the section on logic synthesis, for the first time it clicked why these software tools do such a bad job sometimes. I had this book for a few months and just discovered the Appendices on Verilog and VHDL. The cross-references to the VHDL keywords and constructs is new, I hadn't seen that before, and a good idea. The VHDL descriptions on boundary-scan testing were useful too. I don't think the algorithms for layout are much use to an ASIC designer, but the descriptions of the Cadence SDF and other company file formats are useful, I can't find these anywhere else. Why is it that the 200-page Kluwer books, which look like they were writen on a typewriter, cost $130 and this one, with 1000 pages, costs $65?

21 of 21 people found the following review helpful:

5.0 out of 5 stars VERY comprehensive review of ASIC's, August 31, 2000

By 

Michael O. Tjebben "motjebben" (Research Triangle Park, NC, USA) - See all my reviews
(REAL NAME)   

This review is from: Application-Specific Integrated Circuits (Hardcover)

This book is EXTREMELY useful to the practicing engineer as a reference, because of it's comprehensive coverage of ASIC design - all the way from device physics, to HDL coding, to Floorplanning and Routing! It even includes discussions about recent FPGA architectures. For this same reason, the book will be useful to a student learning about ASIC or FPGA design for the first time.

Because the book is so large and comprehensive, it is almost CERTAIN that even very experienced engineers will learn something from it.

The author also has a website with additional material that supplements the book!

Highly recommended!

6 of 6 people found the following review helpful:

5.0 out of 5 stars Excellent reference book for all ASIC designers, November 21, 1998

By A Customer

This review is from: Application-Specific Integrated Circuits (Hardcover)

This book is an ASIC encyclopedia and will be of interest to all engineers, at any level, involved in chip design. There are 17 sections in total and most of the content is up to date. The book starts with an introduction to ASICs and then proceeds to cover all aspects of design, including large sections on FPGA and HDLs, through to layout and routing.