Australia and New Zealand are two societies in the throes of change whose political systems are undergoing some kind of metamorphosis. In New Zealand, the election held in October 1996, the first under the Mixed Member Proportional system, signalled the end of the two-party system and the advent of European-style coalition politics. Following the demise of the "Australian Settlement", Australia is said to be in the process of reinventing its political tradition, which includes rethinking the terms of its original constitutional settlement. In several respects, change has undermined previous assessments of both polities. The articles in this volume therefore have a distinctly contemporary focus: they illustrate the main ways in which both countries either have changed in the last decade or are changing, and the implications for research and analysis. The major catalyst for their break with tradition has been the impact of globally-driven economic change. Beginning in 1984, the governing elites in both countries, Labour as well as non-labour, concluded that changes to the structure of the global economy and the composition of world trade made it imperative to re-structure their economies and integrate them more fully with the world economy. Both embarked upon an extensive process of economic realignment and modernization, abandoning their previous reliance on statist, protectionist and mildly collectivist policies in favour of free market liberalism, which has since become the dominant policy paradigm in both. The pros and cons of this change have dominated party political debate and academic analysis. Two areas in particular have been researched: re-evaluating the state traditions in both countries, and investigating the strengths and weaknesses of the political culture.
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