Between 1850 and 1930, the Brazilian Church was thoroughly reformed along lines set out by European Churches. However, this successful institutional reform was not followed by a revival of lay-religiosity. Most Catholics continued to practise their faith in traditional ways; others turned to spiritism. Ultramontane Catholicism as propagated by the Church was only received well by some sectors of the middle class and the elite. This book probes the causes of this social bias and argues that, although the ultramontane reform meant to transform the laity into a unified and homogeneous Catholic community, it actually only deepened the internal differences.
