Product Description
Fetal Brain, Behavior, Cognitive, Sexual & Emotional Development:
The Normal & Abnormal Fetus
Table of Contents
Part I: Fetal Brain-behavior & Cognitive Development - 4
Introduction: Fetal Brain, Mind & Brainstem - 4
Evolution & Ontogeny: - 6
Consciousness, Cognition & the Brainstem - 10
Myelination - 11
Periaqueductal Gray, Anencephaly & Vocalization -13
Maturation of Brainstem & Behavior - 16
Fetal Brain Development: Overview - 17
The Fetal Brainstem: Functional & Behavioral Overview -22
Development of the Medulla & Cranial Nerves - 27
Spontaneous Heart Rate, Breathing, Body Movement - 28
Development of the Pons: - 32
Vibratory-Acoustic Perception - 34
Environmental Fine Tuning of the Brainstem - 37
Development of the Midbrain: Functional Overview - 39
Sleep Cycle and Rapid Eye Movements - 44
Part II: Sexual Differentiation of the Fetal Brain & Limbic System - 46
The Genetics of Sex - 46
Ovaries & Testes - 46
Mullerian & Wolfian Ducts - 49
Maternal Stress & Sexual Differentiation - 50
Limbic System Sexuality - 51
Hypothalamus - 52
Sexual Dimorphism in the Hypothalamus - 56
Hunger & Thirst -58
Pleasure & Reward - 59
Neonatal Hypothalamic Rage & Pleasure - 60
Amygdala - 61
Sexual Differentiation of the Amygdala - 63
The Limbic System & Testosterone - 66
Homosexual limbic System & Stress - 67
Sexual Orientation & Heterosexual Desire - 69
Part III: Neuropathology of Abnormal Fetal & Neonatal Brain Development: - 72
Primary & Secondary Congenital Abnormalities - 734
Heterotopic Neurons, Dyslexia and Schizophrenia - 75
Timing of Congenital Injuries - 76
Fetal Brain Injuries Manifested Later in Life - 77
Ontogeny of Abnormal Fetal Brain Development - 78
Neural Tube - 78
Migration of Neurons - 79
Formation of Neocortex - 80
Effects of Damage Depend on Maturity of Brain Area - 83
Disturbances of Neural Migration & Heterotopias - 84
Heterotopias, Trophic Influences, Neural Grafts - 86
Heterotopias, Neural Migration Errors, & Psychosis - 87
Schizophrenia & Neural Migration Errors - 88
Schizophrenia & Late Onset Symptoms - 90
Autism & Brain Development: The Amygdala - 91
Neurotransmitters & Brain Development - 93
Norepinephrine & Neocortical development - 95
Fetal Stress & Abnormal Limbic System Development - 98
Fetal Stress & Abnormal Sexual Differentiation - 100
Fetal Stress, Learning Disabilities & Psychosis - 104
Primary Congenital Abnormalities in Brainstem, Spinal, & Forebrain Development - 104
Anencephaly - 106
Spina Bifida, Encephalocele - 108
Forebrain Growth Failure - 109
Holoprosencephaly - 110
Prosencephalies - 114
Lissencephaly, Agryi & Micropolygyria - 114
Megalencephaly - 114
Micropolygyria - 116
Microencephaly - 117
Hemorrhage - 118
Necrosis - 119
Hydrocephalus, Cysts, White Matter Tears - 121
Dandy-Walker Syndrome - 122
Environmental Agents & Neurodevelopmental Abnormalities - 123
Secondary Congenital Cerebral Disturbances - 123
HIV - 123
Maternal Malnutrition - 124
Maternal Drug Abuse, Cocaine, Heroin, Alcohol - 125
Maternal Trauma - 126
Birth Trauma - 126
PostNatal Disturbances of Brain Development - 127
Falls, Head Injuries, Abuse - 127
The Battered Infant, Shaken Baby - 128
Repetitive Trauma & Aberrant Synaptic Growth - 131
Glia, NE, Functional Recovery & Reorganization - 132
Glia, Amino Acides, Repetitive Injuries & Recovery - 134
Conclusions: Norepinephrine & Synaptic Plasticity - 134
The Normal & Abnormal Fetus
Table of Contents
Part I: Fetal Brain-behavior & Cognitive Development - 4
Introduction: Fetal Brain, Mind & Brainstem - 4
Evolution & Ontogeny: - 6
Consciousness, Cognition & the Brainstem - 10
Myelination - 11
Periaqueductal Gray, Anencephaly & Vocalization -13
Maturation of Brainstem & Behavior - 16
Fetal Brain Development: Overview - 17
The Fetal Brainstem: Functional & Behavioral Overview -22
Development of the Medulla & Cranial Nerves - 27
Spontaneous Heart Rate, Breathing, Body Movement - 28
Development of the Pons: - 32
Vibratory-Acoustic Perception - 34
Environmental Fine Tuning of the Brainstem - 37
Development of the Midbrain: Functional Overview - 39
Sleep Cycle and Rapid Eye Movements - 44
Part II: Sexual Differentiation of the Fetal Brain & Limbic System - 46
The Genetics of Sex - 46
Ovaries & Testes - 46
Mullerian & Wolfian Ducts - 49
Maternal Stress & Sexual Differentiation - 50
Limbic System Sexuality - 51
Hypothalamus - 52
Sexual Dimorphism in the Hypothalamus - 56
Hunger & Thirst -58
Pleasure & Reward - 59
Neonatal Hypothalamic Rage & Pleasure - 60
Amygdala - 61
Sexual Differentiation of the Amygdala - 63
The Limbic System & Testosterone - 66
Homosexual limbic System & Stress - 67
Sexual Orientation & Heterosexual Desire - 69
Part III: Neuropathology of Abnormal Fetal & Neonatal Brain Development: - 72
Primary & Secondary Congenital Abnormalities - 734
Heterotopic Neurons, Dyslexia and Schizophrenia - 75
Timing of Congenital Injuries - 76
Fetal Brain Injuries Manifested Later in Life - 77
Ontogeny of Abnormal Fetal Brain Development - 78
Neural Tube - 78
Migration of Neurons - 79
Formation of Neocortex - 80
Effects of Damage Depend on Maturity of Brain Area - 83
Disturbances of Neural Migration & Heterotopias - 84
Heterotopias, Trophic Influences, Neural Grafts - 86
Heterotopias, Neural Migration Errors, & Psychosis - 87
Schizophrenia & Neural Migration Errors - 88
Schizophrenia & Late Onset Symptoms - 90
Autism & Brain Development: The Amygdala - 91
Neurotransmitters & Brain Development - 93
Norepinephrine & Neocortical development - 95
Fetal Stress & Abnormal Limbic System Development - 98
Fetal Stress & Abnormal Sexual Differentiation - 100
Fetal Stress, Learning Disabilities & Psychosis - 104
Primary Congenital Abnormalities in Brainstem, Spinal, & Forebrain Development - 104
Anencephaly - 106
Spina Bifida, Encephalocele - 108
Forebrain Growth Failure - 109
Holoprosencephaly - 110
Prosencephalies - 114
Lissencephaly, Agryi & Micropolygyria - 114
Megalencephaly - 114
Micropolygyria - 116
Microencephaly - 117
Hemorrhage - 118
Necrosis - 119
Hydrocephalus, Cysts, White Matter Tears - 121
Dandy-Walker Syndrome - 122
Environmental Agents & Neurodevelopmental Abnormalities - 123
Secondary Congenital Cerebral Disturbances - 123
HIV - 123
Maternal Malnutrition - 124
Maternal Drug Abuse, Cocaine, Heroin, Alcohol - 125
Maternal Trauma - 126
Birth Trauma - 126
PostNatal Disturbances of Brain Development - 127
Falls, Head Injuries, Abuse - 127
The Battered Infant, Shaken Baby - 128
Repetitive Trauma & Aberrant Synaptic Growth - 131
Glia, NE, Functional Recovery & Reorganization - 132
Glia, Amino Acides, Repetitive Injuries & Recovery - 134
Conclusions: Norepinephrine & Synaptic Plasticity - 134
