The Beta Israel: Falasha in Ethiopia: From Earliest Times to the Twentieth Century [Paperback]

Steven Kaplan (Author)

Book Description

Series: Falasha in Ethiopia : from Earliest Times to the Twentieth Century | Publication Date: January 1, 1995

...balanced and well informed...a striking piece of scholarship aimed at demythologizing the origins of the Ethiopian Falasha.
-Foreign Affairs

Kaplan's definitive treatment will be of interest to students and scholars of Jewish history, African history, and comparative religion, as well as anyone interested in Jewish affairs and the modern Middle East.

The Midwest Book Review

Kaplan's conceptualizations are judicious and clearly expressed...incisive and well documented... and provides essential background for the process of assimilation now taking lace in Israel.
-The International Journal of African Historical Studies

Kaplan's able interdisciplinary approach is of great value for persons interested in religion, civilization, and process of change.
-Religious Studies Review

Kaplan's well-written, lucid presentation make[s] this important, competent contribution accessible to all levels of readers. Highly recommended.

Choice

Insightful and thorough, a welcome contribution.Kay Kaufman Shelemay, Professor of Music, Harvard University

Undoubtedly the most detailed, most scholarly, and most dispassionate argument of Falasha history hitherto published. [T]his work deserves ... the most careful study by all those (and in particular in Israel) who have any practical or scholarly connection with the Beta Israel.
-- Edward UllendorffEmeritus Professor of Ethiopian Studies, University of LondonFellow of the British Academy

Given Kaplan's facility with both written and oral sources, he is in a unique position to synthesize and reconcile the new historical findings of ethnographers with the written sources and differing conclusions of earlier historians and linguists. His work is insightful and thorough, a welcome contribution.
-- Kay Shelemay, Wesleyan University

The origin of the Black Jews of Ethiopia has long been a source of fascination and controversy. Their condition and future continues to generate debate. The culmination of almost a decade of research, The Beta Israel (Falasha) in Ethiopia marks the publication of the first book-length scholarly study of the history of this unique community.
In this volume, Steven Kaplan seeks to demythologize the history of the Falasha and to consider them in the wider context of Ethiopian history and culture. This marks a clear departure from previous studies which have viewed them from the external perspective of Jewish history. Drawing on a wide variety of sources including the Beta Israel's own literature and oral traditions, Kaplan demonstrates that they are not a lost Jewish tribe, but rather an ethnic group which emerged in Ethiopia between the 14th and 16th century. Indeed, the name, Falasha, their religious hierarchy, sacred texts, and economic specialization can all be dated to this period. Among the subjects the book addresses are their links with Ethiopian Christianity, the medieval legends concerning their existence, their wars with the Ethiopian emperors, their relegation to the status of a despised semi-caste, their encounters with European missionaries, and the impact of the Great Famine of 1888-1892.
Kaplan's definitive treatment will be of interest to students and scholars of Jewish history, African history, and comparative religion, as well as anyone interested in Jewish affairs and the modern Middle East.

Editorial Reviews

Review

"The book is not a polemic but a deep and thoughtful examination of derivative problems not anticipated by Viagra's aggressive marketers. It is especially effective when placing the campaign to promote Viagra (a trade name) in the greater context of the medicalization of modern health care."
-"Choice",

About the Author

Dr. Steven Kaplan is Senior Lecturer in Comparative Religion and African Studies and Chair of the African Studies Department at Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He is the author of The Beta Israel (Falasha) in Ethiopia: From Earliest Times to the Twentieth Century, also published by New York University Press.

Product Details

• Paperback: 320 pages
• Publisher: NYU Press (January 1, 1995)
• Language: English
• ISBN-10: 0814746640
• ISBN-13: 978-0814746646
• Product Dimensions: 9 x 6 x 0.6 inches
• Shipping Weight: 12.8 ounces (View shipping rates and policies)
• Average Customer Review: 3.0 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (2 customer reviews)
• Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #1,315,470 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

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5 of 7 people found the following review helpful:

5.0 out of 5 stars Ignorance and superstition cleared away by bracing scholarship, December 25, 2005

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Werner Cohn (Brooklyn, NY USA) - See all my reviews
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This review is from: The Beta Israel: Falasha in Ethiopia: From Earliest Times to the Twentieth Century (Paperback)

The study of this book proved to be a distinct pleasure. It was exciting to see Kaplan clear away the accretions of ignorance and superstition about Ethiopian Jews, one piece after another, relentlessly. That is the polemical aspect of the book, important now, but not necessarily as important in time to come, as the main outline of the history of Ethiopian Jews becomes better understood.

Briefly put, Kaplan shows that Ethiopian Jews are unlikely to have come to Ethiopia from some other place. They are not likely to be some lost tribe of the original children of Israel, for example. He shows the deep Ethiopian roots of these "Beta Israel," which they share with Ethiopian Christians. The latter are more Jewish, and the former more Christian, than the Jews and Christians of Europe. Furthermore, it seems most likely that these Ethiopian Jews, though in some sense continuing earlier Ethiopian Judaism, arose as a group, more or less gradually, only between the fourteenth and sixteenth centuries.

The sources that Kaplan describes are early reports by travelers on the one hand, and the Ethiopian writings in the Ge'ez (and later Amharic) languages on the other. He also utilizes the oral traditions of today's Beta Israel. In the main, other scholars have confirmed Kaplan's main conclusions, particularly James Quirin and Kay Kaufman Shelemay.

Kaplan's last three chapters, including the concluding one, are particularly fascinating. They tell the story of the Beta Israel's growing Jewish self-identification and indeed Zionism during the last two hundred years of their history, much of it in response to both European Christian and European Jewish contacts. The earlier five chapters, covering a period of about a millennium, is more hurried and, to this reader, sometimes confusing in its plethora of names and dates.

Kaplan is not interested in a history of ideas, not even religious ideas. Certain groups are introduced as "Judaized" or even Jews, but it is not always clear how their religious ideas differed from those whom he calls Christian. We can suspect, but often it is only a suspicion, that the Jews did not accept Jesus as god while the Christians did. Rarely does this become explicit in the book. Moreover, we are told that the Beta Israel's Torah is called orit, and that, like other Beta Israel literature, it seems to have come from Ethiopian Christian sources after some changes were made. We are not told quite what these changes were. It would have helped to define Jewish-Christian differences, in the realm of religious ideas, more sharply.

Notwithstanding these reservations, I see this book as of very fundamental importance. It is one of those works that have changed the thinking of a generation. We owe the author a very profound gratitude.

0 of 24 people found the following review helpful:

1.0 out of 5 stars ETHIOPIANS HAVE NEVER BEEN JEWS!!!!, August 15, 2007

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Just a great guy - See all my reviews

This review is from: The Beta Israel: Falasha in Ethiopia: From Earliest Times to the Twentieth Century (Paperback)

What on earth is the point of inventing Jewish roots concerning these deceptive Ethiopians when everybody knows too well why they became Jews: only because it was the only possibility for them to immigrate to Israel only for economic reasons (to flee their undescribable poverty).

Were these Ethiopians Jews in Ethiopia? NO! NEVER EVER!! They were Christians! A significant number of them in Israel returned to their Christian faith even though most of them decided to keep being Jew because they felt it was safer for them to do so in Israel (despite the fact that there is freedom of faith for Christians and Muslims)!!

In the history of the Jewish people, there has never ever been members of the Jewish people who were black. Never! Blacks can become Jews today through conversion if they convert without inventing false stories but there is not a group of Jews in the history of the Jewish people who were black Jews! NEVER!
I already hear some people reading my comments who might be tempted to say that I am racist but I am telling these people that I am fine accepting blacks who convert to Judaism without inventing false stories in order to convert. To invent false stories in order to convert renders the conversion process completely invalid!!

To have converted Jewish Orthodox these Ethiopians do not make them Jews in any way simply because they used deception to convert to Judaism with the goal of immigrating to Israel ONLY FOR ECONOMIC REASONS. They converted only to flee their awful poverty that they were suffering in Ethiopia where they were living in mud huts and nearly all of them, except their leaders, were completely illiterate (they could not read nor write and they did not have access to the simplest books or writing items!!). Later on, these American Jews who have pushed them to convert gave them books, taught them how to read, and more.

Why did they become Jews? American Jews who did not want to move to Israel felt guilty by their lack of willingness to move to Israel. They were working on outreach projects in Ethiopia and saw that these people were potentially ready to convert in order to move to Israel with the only goal of fleeing their poverty. They made them Jews by teaching them Judaism, giving their leaders Old Testament books to read and so on. Worse, they invented for them Jewish roots, telling the Jewish world that these Ethiopians were Jews!!! What a shame!!
Then, they showed movies of them with Jewish items and praying and they told the viewers of these movies that they have kept Jewish traditions for centuries!! What an awful deception!

All these books on the so-called Ethiopian Jews and the movies about them, they are all completely invented stories where these Ethiopian are given completely invented Jewish roots!

This book deserves a zero because it is based on pure lies!! That is as simple as that!!