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The Big Picture: The New Logic of Money and Power in Hollywood [Hardcover]

Edward Jay Epstein (Author)
4.4 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (14 customer reviews)


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Book Description

1400063531 978-1400063536 February 15, 2005 First Edition
During the heyday of the studio system spanning the 1930s, ‘40s, and ‘50s, virtually all the American motion picture industry’s money, power, and prestige came from a single activity: selling tickets at the box office. Today, the movie business is just a small, highly visible outpost in a media universe controlled by six corporations–Sony, Time Warner, NBC Universal, Viacom, Disney, and NewsCorporation. These conglomerates view films as part of an immense, synergistic, vertically integrated money-making industry.

In The Big Picture, acclaimed writer Edward Jay Epstein gives an unprecedented, sweeping, and thoroughly entertaining account of the real magic behind moviemaking: how the studios make their money. Epstein shows how, in Hollywood, the only art that matters is the art of the deal: major films turn huge profits, not from the movies themselves but through myriad other enterprises, such as video-game spin-offs, fast-food tie-ins, soundtracks, and even theme-park rides.

The studios may compete with one another for stars, publicity, box-office
receipts, and Oscars; their corporate parents, however, make fortunes
from cooperation (and collusion) with one another in less glamorous markets, such as cable, home video, and pay-TV.

But money is only part of the Hollywood story; the social and political milieus–power, prestige, and status–tell the rest. Alongside remarkable financial revelations, The Big Picture is filled with eye-opening true Hollywood insider stories. We learn how the promise of free cowboy boots for a producer delayed a major movie’s shooting schedule; why stars never perform their own stunts, despite what the supermarket tabloids claim; how movies intentionally shape political sensibilities, both in America and abroad; and why fifteen-year-olds dictate the kind of low-grade fare that has flooded screens across the country.

Epstein also offers incisive profiles of the pioneers, including Louis B. Mayer, who helped build Hollywood, and introduces us to the visionaries–Walt Disney, Akio Morita, Rupert Murdoch, Steve Ross, Sumner Redstone, David Sarnoff–power brokers who, by dint of innovation and deception, created and control the media that mold our lives. If you are interested in Hollywood today and the complex and fascinating way it has evolved in order to survive, you haven’t seen the big picture until you’ve read The Big Picture.


Editorial Reviews

From Publishers Weekly

Starred Review. To appear in 2003's Terminator 3, Arnold Schwarzenegger received a fixed fee of $29.25 million, a package of perks totaling $1.5 million and a guaranteed 20% of gross receipts from all sources of revenue worldwide. With that, writes Epstein (Inquest: The Warren Commission and the Establishment of Truth), no matter the film's box office results, "the star was assured of making more money than the studio itself." Such is the "new logic" Epstein explores in this engrossing book. Gone are the days of studio chiefs dominating their stars with punitive contracts and controlling product from script to big screen. Writers now sell their work to the highest bidder, stars have become one-person corporations who "rent" their services to individual productions, and the studios have morphed into what Epstein labels "clearing houses." These multinational corporations exist, in Epstein's description, to collect revenue from an ever-growing variety of sources—home video, overseas markets and product licensing, to name a few—and then disburse it to a fortunate minority at the top of Hollywood's food chain. Epstein explains the structure, personalities and behind-the-scenes interconnection of the "sexopoly" (the six huge media companies that control motion picture entertainment). In vivid detail, he describes the current process of how a film is made, from the initial pitch to last-minute digital editing. There's a refreshing absence of moral grandstanding in Epstein's work. With no apparent ax to grind, he simply and comprehensively presents the industry as it is: the nuts and bolts, the perks and pitfalls and the staggering fortunes that some in the business walk away with. This is the new indispensable text for anyone interested in how Hollywood works. Photos.
Copyright © Reed Business Information, a division of Reed Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

From Booklist

Hollywood no longer operates under the old studio system, as the digital age has revolutionized the way movies are made and distributed. New York writer Epstein peels away the Hollywood facade and gives a nuts-and-bolts view of how the six entertainment empires--Viacom, Fox, NBC/Universal, Time Warner, Sony, and Disney--create and distribute intellectual property today. Money flows through these clearinghouses in a complicated mix involving licensing deals, talent agencies, digital effects houses, film laboratories, and advertising firms. The accounting practices alone rival anything that ever came out of Enron. Epstein presents a fascinating look at the unbelievable efforts that must be coordinated to produce a film, including principal photography, computer graphics, sound effects, musical score and editing, not to mention final changes and approval by the studio heads. With all the complications that can arise, it is a wonder these things get made at all. Here is the stark economic logic of today's Hollywood: movies rarely break even through theater revenues anymore, and the only real money is in the rush to DVD and television releases. David Siegfried
Copyright © American Library Association. All rights reserved

Product Details

  • Hardcover: 416 pages
  • Publisher: Random House; First Edition edition (February 15, 2005)
  • Language: English
  • ISBN-10: 1400063531
  • ISBN-13: 978-1400063536
  • Product Dimensions: 9.3 x 6.1 x 1.6 inches
  • Shipping Weight: 1.5 pounds
  • Average Customer Review: 4.4 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (14 customer reviews)
  • Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #320,016 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

More About the Author

I studied government at Cornell and Harvard, and received a Ph.D from Harvard in 1973. My master's thesis on the search for political truth ("Inquest: The Warren Commission and the Establishment of Truth" and my doctoral dissertation ("News From Nowhere") were both published as books. I taught political science at MIT and UCLA. I have now written 14 books. My website www.edwardjayepstein.com)

 

Customer Reviews

14 Reviews
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37 of 38 people found the following review helpful:
5.0 out of 5 stars Very insightful, informative, and entertaining., April 20, 2005
This review is from: The Big Picture: The New Logic of Money and Power in Hollywood (Hardcover)
This is a very detailed and insightful book on the movie entertainment business. Epstein researched an enormous amount of proprietary financial information from the Motion Picture Association All Media Revenue Report (MPA). This is a report disclosed only to the studios that details movie earnings. It is unclear how Epstein obtained access to this proprietary data. Epstein leveraged this proprietary data into an incredibly insightful analysis of the movie-entertainment industry. Thanks to Epstein lively writing style the book is a quick read despite the volume of information provided.

The movie business is not an economically viable stand-alone business. Indeed, over 95% of the movies loose a ton of money at the Box Office even if they often generate hundreds of millions in such Box Office revenues. Movies have become extremely expensive advertising for a very risky long-term investment in an "intellectual property" right. The pioneer of such a business model was Walt Disney who fully grasped the possibilities of the ancillary businesses more than half a century ago.

Related ancillary revenues generated by videos, Pay TV, and Networks dwarf the revenues at the Box Office. While the major studios derived 100% of their revenues from Box Office in 1948, this percentage has continuously dropped to only 18% in 2003. Additionally, these ancillary businesses are almost all profits. The vast majority of the production costs have already been absorbed within the Box Office business.

However, a majority of movies still loose money when you figure the full life cycle of its "intellectual property." Epstein details throughout the book such a cycle for "Gone In 60 Seconds" with Nicolas Cage. At first, the movie seems a roaring success as it grossed $242 million in worldwide Box Office. But, when you figure the whole cycle, as of 2003 the movie including the ancillary businesses was still $150 million in the tank.

The reason movies still get made is because there are so many willing equity partners absorbing the brunt of the losses in financing movies. The studios survive because they are supported by their strong parent holding companies whose businesses are diversified in technology, news, media, and consumer products. The directors and stars make a fortune. And, the equity partners are the ones loosing their shirts.

After reading this book, one assesses that movie stars are the most overpaid human beings on the planet. In one single movie, they often make more money than sports stars make over their entire career (tennis or golf comes to mind). Even though some stars do attract the public, the underlying economics of their movies over the full cycle is not attractive. If it were not for equity partners making irrational investment decisions, the castle of cards would crumble.

The book also breaks or confirms many interesting myths. For one, Tom Cruise does not do his own stunts despite what you see in DVD bonus features. This is because insurers cover the risk that Tom Cruise will not be able to complete the shooting of the movie. The face of an actor is now digitized on to the body of a stuntman. So, when you see a close up of Tom Cruise jumping off a cliff it really looks like him. Another interesting concept is that movie theatres make more money from selling popcorn and sodas than from showing the movie. It is true! The movie represents foot traffic. The popcorn and sodas represent the high profit margin business segment they don't share with the studios.

There are a zillion more interesting facts mentioned within the book embedded in a coherent and very entertaining history of the movie business from its inception to nowadays. Thus, I strongly recommend this book.
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17 of 19 people found the following review helpful:
3.0 out of 5 stars Interesting book, but a lot of redundant information, November 14, 2005
This review is from: The Big Picture: The New Logic of Money and Power in Hollywood (Hardcover)
This is a good book about the evolution and the workings of the modern Hollywood system. (For summaries, see the other reviews.) I enjoyed the first third of the book a lot, but then it became more and more repetitive. A lot of the information contained in Part 4 ("The Economic Logic of Hollywood"), Part 5 ("Social Logic"), and Part 6 ("Political Logic") had been already presented in the preceeding parts. For example, I don't know how many times Epstein mentions the 29 million USD Arnold Schwarzenegger received for "Terminator 3" - it sure seems like a million times. In the end, you get the impression that the author had access to more detailed information about a limited number of movies (T3, Gone in 60 seconds) and then used them as examples for each and every point he is trying to make. All in all, some serios editing would have turned this really good book into an excellent one.
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13 of 15 people found the following review helpful:
5.0 out of 5 stars Movies: Technologically Superb and Intellectually Poor., May 17, 2005
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This review is from: The Big Picture: The New Logic of Money and Power in Hollywood (Hardcover)
This book is an astute analysis of the film business by someone outside the motion picture business. Many books are written about the movie business by insiders or entertainment reporters but often these writers are too close to the subject or in awe of the subject and as a result miss the mark. Mr. Epstien gives an astute analysis of the current state of the business using sources that normally are not available to the public. An example is the confidential disclosures by the six major studios to the Motion Picture Association Of America (MPAA), which are then compiled into an industry compendium disclosing studios sources of revenue. Mr. Epstein confines his analysis to the six major studios, Disney, Sony, Universal, Warners, Paramount and Fox, which dominate the motion picture and ancillary entertainment businesses world wide.

Once a movie's theatrical release was the primary source of a studios income and indeed in the beginning the only income. Now however the theatrical release is just the beginning of income to the studios that now earn more income from video/DVD sales and rentals than the initial theatrical release. Also particular types of movies that lend themselves to action figures, promotional tie-ins, theme park rides and sequels are the major earners for the studios. Examples of these are Star Wars, Jurassic Park and Batman. These movies are easy to understand, involve multiple spectacular action scenes and cater to a young demographic who go to movies, buy the action figures and memorabilia associated with a movie and after seeing it more than once in the theatres may buy the DVD or video of the movie.

While the cost of making and advertising the theatrical release may exceed box office receipts the picture will make money for the studio over the years in rentals, sales of the movie, leasing to television, pay per view, income from licensing toys and other products associated with the movie.

Mr. Epstein has described the historical development of the studios from creators of films shown in wholly owned theatrical chains to vast clearing houses greenlighting and financing producers to distributing, selling, licensing movies and related products world wide.

This book was a profound look at the business side of the entertainment business and the people who control and profit from it. Ever wonder why there is such a paucity of quality entertainment for persons older than twenty-five? Because in order to have a mega blockbuster that generates billions of dollars in income over the years it must be geared toward the 12 to 24 year old audience, with a story line that can be easily understood even it all the audience doesn't speak the language of the movie well. This means action movies with a simplistic story line of good triumphing over evil.
This was an excellent book and after reading it you will understand why the major studios no longer care about making quality-sophisticated entertainment. Edsopinion.com
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Inside This Book (learn more)
First Sentence:
On March 20, 1948, the elite of Hollywood, braving freezing temperatures and gale-force winds, filed past the newsreel cameras into the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles for the twentieth annual presentation of the Academy Awards. Read the first page
Key Phrases - Capitalized Phrases (CAPs): (learn more)
Warner Bros, New York, Time Warner, United States, Walt Disney, News Corporation, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Steve Ross, General Electric, James Bond, Steven Spielberg, Tom Cruise, Lew Wasserman, Los Angeles, Mickey Mouse, Star Wars, Twentieth Century-Fox, Sumner Redstone, White House, Jurassic Park, Peter Guber, The Godfather, Oliver Stone, Rupert Murdoch, Columbia House
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