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Biographies of Scientific Objects
 
 
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Biographies of Scientific Objects [Paperback]

Lorraine Daston (Editor)
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Book Description

0226136728 978-0226136721 June 15, 2000 1
Why does an object or phenomenon become the subject of scientific inquiry? Why do some of these objects remain provocative, while others fade from center stage? And why do objects sometimes return as the focus of research long after they were once abandoned?

Addressing such questions, Biographies of Scientific Objects is about how whole domains of phenomena—dreams, atoms, monsters, culture, society, mortality, centers of gravity, value, cytoplasmic particles, the self, tuberculosis—come into being and sometimes pass away as objects of scientific study. With examples drawn from both the natural and social sciences, and ranging from the sixteenth to the twentieth centuries, this book explores the ways in which scientific objects are both real and historical. Whether discovered or invented, these objects of inquiry broaden and deepen in meaning—growing more "real"—as they become entangled in webs of cultural significance, material practices, and theoretical derivations. Thus their biographies will matter to anyone concerned with the formation of scientific knowledge.

Contributors are Jed Z. Buchwald, Lorraine Daston, Rivka Feldhay, Jan Goldstein, Gerard Jorland, Doris Kauffman, Bruno Latour, Theodore M. Porter, Hans-Jörg Rheinberger, Marshall Sahlins, and Peter Wagner.

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Product Details

  • Paperback: 319 pages
  • Publisher: University Of Chicago Press; 1 edition (June 15, 2000)
  • Language: English
  • ISBN-10: 0226136728
  • ISBN-13: 978-0226136721
  • Product Dimensions: 8.8 x 6.1 x 0.7 inches
  • Shipping Weight: 14.9 ounces (View shipping rates and policies)
  • Average Customer Review: 5.0 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (1 customer review)
  • Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #930,327 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

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12 of 12 people found the following review helpful:
5.0 out of 5 stars Ontology for historians of science, November 24, 2001
By 
Mark Mills (Glen Rose, TX USA) - See all my reviews
(VINE VOICE)    (REAL NAME)   
This review is from: Biographies of Scientific Objects (Paperback)

This book hopes to spark a discussion of ontology among historians of science. Daston wants to change the unquestioned neo-Kantian conviction that 'scientific objects' have a timeless 'reality.'

Daston has collected 11 essays on temporary 'scientific' objects. Daston contributes an introduction and shortened version of her earlier paper on 'preternatural' science. The rest are new.

Daston is convinced that scientific objects are created by inquiring minds rather than 'discovered' in the environment. Many would disagree, but I think the arguments are of great interest. For example, 'ether' was an object of 'scientific research' for much of the 18th and early 19th century. 'Ether' was as real as water molecules are today. 'Ether' has now slipped out of the scientific conversation.

Was 'ether' ever a 'scientific object'? Was it ever real? If it was never 'real', could the 'object' contribute to something we now think is 'real,' something like the 'quantum' particle. One of the essays goes into great detail on this and the simple neo-Kantian answer suffers from the examination.

The following is a list of the essay titles:
'Preternatural Philosophy': The scientific study of singularly rare objects such as comets, two-headed babies, and sea-monstersl
'Mathematical Entities in Scientific Discourse': the birth and development of 'symbolic objects' such as the earth's center of gravity.
'Dreams and Self-consciousness': scientific study of 'dreams.' Something that was an object of science in the 18th century and 20th centuries, but ignored in the 19th.
'Mutations of the Self in Old Regime and Postrevolutionary France': How the term 'ame' became the scientific object 'le moi.'
'The coming into Being and Passing Away of Value Theories in Economics (1776-1976): 'Value' as scientific object.
'...Society as a Scientific Object.'
'..Why Culture is not a Disappearing 'Object.' '
'How the Ether Spawned the Microworld': A failed scientific object, ether, provides the theoretical foundations for contemporary quantum 'objects.'
'Life Insurance, Medical Testing and the Management of Mortality': Non-scientists of the insurance business create the object 'high blood pressure' and medical science catches on later.
'On the Partial Existence of Existing and Nonexisting Objects': Are diseases 'scientific objects' or only a collections of symptoms?
'Cytoplasmic Particles': The mutation of 'mitocondria' objects into DNA objects.

As Daston points out, the essays hold no single philosophical perspective. As such, the book does a good job of covering a variety of views and hopefully contributing to discussion.

For me, it is a real treasure.

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Inside This Book (learn more)
First Sentence:
This is a book about applied metaphysics. Read the first page
Key Phrases - Statistically Improbable Phrases (SIPs): (learn more)
preternatural philosophers, preternatural philosophy, translocal society, spatiotemporal envelope, sentimental pessimism, term moi, epistemic things, centro gravitatis, quotidian objects, cytoplasmic particles, scientific objects, insurance medicine, scientia media, des sciences philosophiques, tableau économique
Key Phrases - Capitalized Phrases (CAPs): (learn more)
Cambridge University Press, Harvard University Press, Princeton University Press, New Guinea, Adam Smith, University of Chicago Press, Victor Cousin, Albert Claude, Almaden Research Center, Karl Philipp Moritz, United States, University of California Press, Epeli Hau'ofa, Hubert Chantrenne, New Zealand, Royale des Sciences, World War, Cold Spring Harbor Symposia, Gérard Jorland, Quantitative Biology, Research Division, Bruno Latour, François Quesnay, Francis Bacon, Santa Cruz
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