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In Black and White: The Life of Sammy Davis, Jr. [Hardcover]

Wil Haygood (Author)
3.8 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (24 customer reviews)


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Book Description

October 7, 2003
He was, for decades, one of the most recognizable figures in the cultural landscape, his image epitomizing a golden age of American show business. His career spanned a lifetime, but for years he has remained hidden behind the persona he so vigorously generated, and so fiercely protected. Now, in this surprising, illuminating, and compulsively readable biography, we are taken beyond the icon, into the extraordinary, singular life of Sammy Davis, Jr.

In scrupulous detail and with stunning powers of evocation, Wil Haygood takes us back to the era of vaudeville, where it all began for four-year-old Sammy who ran out onstage one night and stole the show. From then on it was a motherless childhood on the road, singing and dancing his way across a segregated America with his father and the formidable showman Will Mastin, struggling together to survive the Depression and the demise of vaudeville itself.

With an ambition honed by poverty and an obsessive need for applause, Sammy drove his way into the nightclub circuit of the 1940s and 1950s, when, his father and Mastin aging and out of style, he slowly began to make a name for himself, hustling his way to top billing and eventually to recording contracts. From there, he was to stake his claim on Broadway, in Hollywood, and, of course, in Las Vegas.

Haygood brings Sammy’s showbiz life into full relief against the backdrop of an America in the throes of racial change. Sammy grew up trapped between the worlds of blacks and whites, with so much invested in both. He made his living entertaining white people but was often denied service in the very venues he played. Drafted into a newly integrated U.S. Army in the 1940s, he saw up close the fierce tensions that seethed below the surface. Dragged into the civil rights movement, he witnessed a hatred that often erupted into violence. In his broad and varied friendships and alliances (with Frank Sinatra; Martin Luther King, Jr.; Richard Nixon; Sidney Poitier; Marilyn Monroe, to name just a few), not to mention his romances (his relationship with Kim Novak and his marriage to the blond beauty May Britt drew death threats), he forged uncharted paths across racial lines. Admired and reviled by both blacks and whites, he was tormented all his life by raging insecurities, and never quite came to terms with his own skin. Ultimately, his only true sense of his identity was as a performer.

Based on painstaking research and more than 250 interviews, Wil Haygood brings us a sweeping and vivid cultural history of the twentieth century, chronicling black entertainment from its beginnings and the birth of popular culture as we know it. In Black and White transcends simple biography to become an important record, both celebratory and elegiacal, of a vanished America and its greatest entertainer.


Editorial Reviews

From Publishers Weekly

In this moving, exhaustive life of one of America's greatest entertainers, Haygood (King of the Cats: The Life and Times of Adam Clayton Powell Jr.) casts Sammy Davis Jr. as a man shifting between identities, between the worlds of black people and white people. Born into vaudeville and raised by his grandmother and vaudevillian father, Davis (1925-1990) never knew the world off the stage, never experienced a loving mother and never experienced racism-until his stint in the army during WWII. Sammy spent most of his life before the army above the Mason-Dixon line in the protective bosom of the Will Mastin Trio (of which he and his father were two-thirds) and experienced his first love with a white woman in Montreal. From here, Haygood makes clear, Sammy wanted to be white-he had mostly white friends and courted ivory-skinned, blond women. As his career-and his determination to be accepted by white America-grew, so did problems with the media, including death threats from angry Southerners and Hollywood moguls not wanting the reputation of their white starlets (e.g., Kim Novak) to be tainted by Davis. Haygood shows how Davis desperately needed love and attention, so much so that he switched allegiances, first backing Kennedy and marching with Martin Luther King Jr. and Jesse Jackson, then, years later, being seen on national TV giving a hug to Archie Bunker (while doing a cameo) and Richard Nixon (while campaigning for him). Haygood's reporting and powerful prose reveal Davis's career against the backdrop of the swinging '60s and the Rat Pack (with Sinatra as a mighty presence in Davis's life) and Davis as a tragically complex man.
Copyright 2003 Reed Business Information, Inc.

From Booklist

Sammy Davis Jr. never went to school. His show business career began at age 5, with the Will Mastin Trio, and lasted until his death at 64. Davis' life story is all about the American Dream (he called his autobiography Yes, I Can!), but as Haygood tells it in this remarkably rich biography, it is dream mixed with nightmare, illusion with reality, the story of a black man "with his face pressed against the white world." Did Davis want to be white? Haygood tackles this politically charged question straight on, delivering answers as complex as the history of race relations. Davis, Haygood argues, knew no world beyond the footlights; he created himself in the image of Hollywood stardom, and yes, that image was unquestionably white: Bogart, Cagney, Cooper (all of whom Davis would later impersonate on stage), and of course, Sinatra, Sammy's idol. (The women were white, too, and usually blonde, a fact not lost on the young Davis, who wooed Kim Novak and married Scandinavian Maei Britt.) While Haygood's psychosexual analysis of Davis' life is unfailingly perceptive, it doesn't overwhelm the book. He vividly re-creates the world of vaudeville, where Davis got his start, and he tracks the performer's career as tap dancer, impressionist, singer, and actor, emphasizing the remarkable talent of this child prodigy turned Vegas headliner. As he follows Davis from one unbridled enthusiasm to another (from black power to Richard Nixon, from Judaism to devil worship), Haygood never loses sight of Sammy the entertainer, indefatigable on stage and insatiable in his craving for adoration. A fascinating American life story, brilliantly told. Ilene Cooper
Copyright © American Library Association. All rights reserved

Product Details

  • Hardcover: 528 pages
  • Publisher: Knopf; First edition. edition (October 7, 2003)
  • Language: English
  • ISBN-10: 037540354X
  • ISBN-13: 978-0375403545
  • Product Dimensions: 9.3 x 6.2 x 1.9 inches
  • Shipping Weight: 1.8 pounds
  • Average Customer Review: 3.8 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (24 customer reviews)
  • Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #780,237 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

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Customer Reviews

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Average Customer Review
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15 of 16 people found the following review helpful:
4.0 out of 5 stars a fascinating take on The Candy Man, November 2, 2003
This review is from: In Black and White: The Life of Sammy Davis, Jr. (Hardcover)
Sammy Davis, Jr. is probably best known these days as one of Frank Sinatra's sidekicks. But during his lifetime, Davis was a multi-talented performer who could both delight and infuriate his audience.My generation's main memories of Davis tend to be of a man who laughed too hard at jokes that weren't funny, went overboard in trying to be hip until he became a parody and someone who whose discomfort in his own skin was only too apparent.

Davis was a super talent but a complex human being. It would probably be impossible to encompass the whole of his personality in a single book but the author manages to get a good grasp of his subject. Haygood's prose tends to be overdramatic at times but he makes the reader understand Davis' confusion over his racial identity. He also explains the reasons behind many African Americans' ambivalence toward Davis. We also get a fuller and previously untold story about Davis' parents Sam, Sr. and Elvera whose tense relationship with her son was a contributing factor to many of his demons.

Thankfully, Haygood avoids the sleaziness and shallowness of Gary Fishgall's book Gonna Do Great Things. He also presents a fuller picture of Davis than Davis' daughter Tracy did in her book (a horrible work.) He writes of his subject's more questionable habits (sex and drugs) but doesn't lose sight of who Davis was.

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12 of 13 people found the following review helpful:
5.0 out of 5 stars AN INTRIGUING BIO AND CHRONICLE, February 13, 2004
This review is from: In Black and White: The Life of Sammy Davis, Jr. (Hardcover)
Sammy Davis, Jr., the true "I Gotta Be Me," man was not only a topnotch entertainer but also a tortured individual according to this exhaustive biography by journalist Wil Haygood. More than simply a comprehensive biography "In Black and White" is an intriguing chronicle of black entertainment in our country.

Trained by his father and uncle Sammy had no classroom education but a world of stage smarts. As a small child he mastered soft shoe and tap to become the star of the vaudeville threesome "The Will Mastin Trio." There seemed to be nothing the youngster couldn't do whether it was singing, dancing, playing an instrument or miming other performers.

This energetic bundle of talent couldn't be contained. He burst upon the television screen and was soon a member of Hollywood's celebrated "Rat Pack" paling around and joking on stage with Frank Sinatra, Dean Martin, and Joey Bishop.

Nonetheless, Sammy was black and they were white. He was very aware of the difference - where he could stay and where he could not. Once married to a black girl he later started dating blond white actresses and eventually wed May Britt, a union that shocked.

He survived a 1954 car accident which caused him to lose an eye, and his face with the black eye patch soon became familiar. For reasons unknown and only surmised he converted to Judaism. When he told Jerry Lewis of his plan, Lewis asked, "Don't you already have enough problems?"

Problems were to dog him for all of his life. Beneath the happy veneer was a wellspring of anguish.

"In Black and White" is a memorable biography of a one-of-a-kind entertainer and an eye-opening glimpse of the world of entertainment as it once was.

- Gail Cooke

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8 of 8 people found the following review helpful:
2.0 out of 5 stars A frustrating read, May 27, 2004
By 
R. Moses (New Hampshire) - See all my reviews
(REAL NAME)   
This review is from: In Black and White: The Life of Sammy Davis, Jr. (Hardcover)
The cover of Wil Haygood's book stands in almost absolute contrast to the contents therein. The photo shows Sammy alone, surrounded by nothing. He is literally the only thing in the picture; even his shadow barely registers. In contrast, the book itself goes to painstaking lengths to describe the world and people who surrounded Sammy - the entirety of his universe - and at the center of it all...a void.

That's my fancy way of saying that, for a book about Sammy Davis, Jr., "In Black And White" contains remarkably little Sammy Davis, Jr.

I can appreciate Mr. Haygood's efforts to put things in context. This, he does exceedingly well. But the book is almost entirely context; the reader can, and often does, go pages without encountering any reference to Sammy whatsoever. Example: more time is spent discussing Cuban history than is spent on Sammy's entire stint in the US Army. That seems disproportionate to me.

A random ten-page sample of the book might be broken down thusly:
> 3 pages of biographical background on producer Jule Steyn
> 2 pages of background on Harry Belafonte and Sidney Poitier
> 2 pages accounting various social issues blacks were facing in the US at the time
> a page covering the history of blacks on Broadway
> a page of assorted people talking about their experiences being around Sammy
> half a page of Broadway folk accounting their reactions to the idea of Sammy coming to Broadway
> and then a few paragraphs that actually relate to what Sammy was doing at the time, some speculation on why, and how the people around him perceived his actions.

One would have a hard time getting through this entire book without wondering at some point or another when the author is finally going to get around to writing about Sammy. As I read the book, I appreciated Mr. Haywood's skill, and I do feel I learned a lot...I just didn't learn a lot about Sammy Davis, Jr.

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First Sentence:
By the ever twisting light of fame, he has lived a life both mesmerizing and distinctly peculiar. Read the first page
Key Phrases - Statistically Improbable Phrases (SIPs): (learn more)
old vaudevillian, nightclub performer, golden boy, candy man, nightclub act
Key Phrases - Capitalized Phrases (CAPs): (learn more)
Will Mastin, New York, Sammy Davis, Los Angeles, Jess Rand, White House, Las Vegas, Jerry Lewis, Kim Novak, Hilly Elkins, Frank Sinatra, May Britt, San Bernardino, Tony Curtis, Jeff Chandler, Jule Styne, Harry Belafonte, Harry Cohn, Lola Falana, Martin Luther King, Shirley Rhodes, Luisa Sanchez, Sidney Poitier, Atlantic City, Uncle Tom
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