"Calculated Chaos" truly is an unsung gem. Shaffer discusses the dangers and threats to peace, both globally and locally, posed by the various institutionalized authorities, belief systems and entities that now run our lives. He also addresses the counterintuitive mental habits into which we have fallen and the myths we have acquired along the way to our present condition. Specifically, he shatters the deeply-ingrained notion that humans need the state and related institutions in order to maintain a successful, orderly and peaceful society. After all, the state is legitimized through conflict, without which, it would no longer exist. Therefore, it is always in the state's best interest to propagate conflict, regardless of its misleading declared institutional objectives, which are intended to convince us otherwise. As a result of external institutional dominance and conditioning, we have misplaced our ability to understand, direct and take responsibility for ourselves.
In addition to discussing the way we have been conditioned to identify our egos with, and subsequently legitimize, institutions and their respective agendas, Shaffer points out that, whenever we seek to enforce our will or preferences upon others through formalizing and systemizing "beliefs" and unyielding answers to abstractions, the enslavement of either ourselves or others is inevitable, regardless of how noble our objectives may have been initially. It is interesting to note that movements inspired by innate questioning and searching nearly always go awry when they begin to institutionalize formal systems of belief and absolutist thinking. Countless well-intended movements born out of constructive critical examination and questioning have ended up contradicting their very foundations as a result of formalizing absolute answers and then seeking to gain control over others through various institutional means. Shaffer presents feminism as a great, poignant example of this. Rather than maintaining a focus on individual paradigm shifts within human consciousness, such movements are eventually hijacked by those seeking to use the coercive tools of the state in order to foist a particular belief system upon others. (Simply put, this is the natural state of a democracy, in which the notion that others have a fundamental right to impose their personal preferences upon others by virtue of being the loudest and most demanding is the principal premise. Naturally, this generates endless conflict.)
Over the course of time and largely as a result of our rationalized, segregated organization of both knowledge and society, humans have become obsessively driven to seeking, expecting and internalizing the absolute rigid answers dispensed, via formalized belief systems, by institutions of all kinds. We have tossed aside the value of questioning, in favor of demanding absolute answers, regardless of the severe consequences this expectation has upon our well-being and growth, both personally and collectively. From childhood, we are indoctrinated by well-conditioned parents, teachers and media to think within these pre-designated, polarized boundaries and we are chided each time we travel too far outside of them. No matter where we turn, this kind of binary thinking dominates virtually every aspect of our society. Shaffer does an incredible job of addressing this, encouraging readers to adopt new, open-ended habits of thought and to take responsibility for our own intellectual and spiritual growth. Only when we, as individuals, can address these issues within ourselves and relearn how to be internally-directed people will we be able to reclaim our humanity.