Calendrical Calculations [Paperback]

Nachum Dershowitz (Author), Edward M. Reingold (Author)

Book Description

ISBN-10: 0521564743 | ISBN-13: 978-0521564748 | Publication Date: July 28, 1997

The purpose of this book is to present in a unified, completely algorithmic form, a description of thirteen calendars and how they relate to one another: the present civil calendar (Gregorian), the recent ISO commercial calendar, the old civil calendar (Julian), the Coptic and (virtually identical) Ethiopic calendars, the Islamic (Moslem) calendar, the Baha'i, the Hebrew (Jewish) calendar, the Mayan calendars, the French Revolutionary calendar, the Chinese calendar, and both the old (mean) and new (true) Hindu (Indian) calendars. Easy conversion among these calendars is a by-product of the approach, as is the determination of secular and religious holidays. Calendrical Calculations makes accurate calendrical algorithms readily available for computer use. This volume will be a valuable resource for working programmers, as well as a fount of useful algorithmic tools for computer scientists.

Editorial Reviews

Review

'... this book must surely become the standard work on calendar conversions. No historian, chronologist or recreational mathematician should be without it.' E. G. Richards, Nature

'... a really attractive book, not only for specialists such as mathematicians, astronomers or computer scientists, but also for historians or for any person interested in the cultural aspects of science.' Antonio F. Rañada, European Journal of Physics

'... a splendid book, of interest to astronomers and computer scientists, and to anyone concerned with the role of science in the cultural evolution of mankind.' Antonio F. Rañada, European Journal of Physics

'This is a fascinating book to dip into, as well as being a powerful reference work assembling a rich collection of historical, astronomical and computational 'calendar' facts. If you have funds set aside for coping with the millennium bug why not spend a little of them on a copy?' William Wynne Willson, The Mathematical Gazette

Book Description

This book presents in a unified, completely algorithmic form, a description of thirteen calendars and how they relate to one another. Easy conversion among these calendars is a by-product of the approach, as is the determination of secular and religious holidays. Calendrical Calculations makes accurate calendrical algorithms readily available for computer use.

See all Editorial Reviews

Product Details

• Paperback: 331 pages
• Publisher: Cambridge University Press (July 28, 1997)
• Language: English
• ISBN-10: 0521564743
• ISBN-13: 978-0521564748
• Product Dimensions: 9 x 6 x 0.8 inches
• Shipping Weight: 1.4 pounds
• Average Customer Review: 4.4 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (9 customer reviews)
• Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #132,201 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
  • #25 in Books > Professional & Technical > Professional Science > Physics > Time
  • #93 in Books > Computers & Technology > Business & Culture > History

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Customer Reviews

Most Helpful Customer Reviews

18 of 20 people found the following review helpful:

5.0 out of 5 stars highly readable and reliable description of many calendars, April 28, 1999

By A Customer

This review is from: Calendrical Calculations (Paperback)

The book explains the structure of 14 calendars, and gives easily comprehensible formulae for the conversion of a date in any of these calendars into a day count, and back to the calendar date. It also includes many holidays for these calendars.

Rather than on the history of calendars or their cultural background, the focus is on a lucid, correct, and complete exposition of their functional principles. Extensive bibliographic references are given to the primary sources for each calendar.

A highlight is the complete specification of several calendars depending on fairly precise timings of astronomical phenomena (Chinese calendar and some Hindu religious calendars).

To make it self-contained, the book explains the necessary mathematical and astronomical background. The astronomical models are taken from the classic 1991 book "Astronomical Algorithms" by Jean Meeus.

I especially like the presentation of the calendrical formulae in an essentially non-algorithmic manner, using normal mathematical notation. This makes it easy to further analyze these formulae.

For instance, if one wants to know how good an approximation to the spring equinox is March 21 in the Gregorian calendar, one finds from the formula on page 36 in the book that midnight of March 21 in Gregorian year Y is exactly

Y·365.2425 - (Y mod 4)·97/400 + (floor(Y/4) mod 25)·3/100 - (floor(Y/100) mod 4)/4

days after midnight of March 21 in Gregorian year 0, which ranges from Y·365.2425 - 1.4775 up to Y·365.2425 + 0.72. Thus, even assuming the Gregorian approximation of 365.2425 days to the tropical year, spring equinoxes are distributed over at least three dates in March in the Gregorian calendar.

Such reasonings would be very difficult if the book specified the calendars only in terms of programming language code.

The formulae are designed so that it is easy to incorporate them into code written in the programming language of your choice. This use is further supported by a set of test dates in an appendix. Another appendix lists an example implementation of all the formulae, in the programming language Common Lisp. This code (intended for personal use) can also be downloaded from the internet.

But this book is much more than a collection of programming recipes for many calendars -- it makes you understand the structure of those calendars. Ambitious readers can even find the data and the methods to construct their own calendrical formulae.

What would I like to be changed in the book? Not much. Some of the calendrical formulae could be further simplified, the astronomical terminology could be modernized in places, and perhaps some additional historical information could be added. And, of course, even more calendars! For instance, some of the proposed reformed calendars, a more widespread version of the Persian calendar, or an historic Japanese calendar.

This book is a must for everybody wanting reliable and highly readable information on the functional principles of the world's calendars.

Michael Deckers

52 of 65 people found the following review helpful:

1.0 out of 5 stars Potentially good book rendered totally useless by license., April 1, 1999

By A Customer

This review is from: Calendrical Calculations (Paperback)

If it were possible to give this book a ZERO rating, I would have done so. Right on page xxi, the authors purport to license their "Functions (code, formulas, and calendar data)" subject to both copyright and unspecified pending PATENT claims, and to restrict the use of such "Functions" to "strictly personal use." This is a book review, not a tutorial on patent law, so I don't even want to comment on the dubious validity of a PATENT claim covering purely mathematical functions. The authors are entitled to copyright protection on their actual source code examples, but asserting PATENT claims over mathematical functions is fundamentally abusive to the reader. As a result, if you have any practical goal for the information in this book and are considering it for other than mere personal amusement value, buy some other book instead. The license is particularly egregious since, on page xix, the authors explicitly acknowledge that all but two of the historical calendars are represented in GNU Emacs from the Free Software Foundation, proponent of the "copyleft" GNU General Public License!

27 of 33 people found the following review helpful:

5.0 out of 5 stars An excellent book with a mean spirited license, January 3, 2000

By 

J. Harris "virtualtraveler" (San Francisco, CA USA) - See all my reviews
(REAL NAME)   

This review is from: Calendrical Calculations (Paperback)

An excellent book on the history and workings of various calendars. But dont use the source code! The licensing agreement is a trap. Use the code in GNU Emacs from the Free Software Foundation distributed under the General Public License. It does everything the authors code does (except for two obscure calendars) and it's free and always will be.