Cambrian Intelligence: The Early History of the New AI [Paperback]

Rodney A. Brooks (Author)

Book Description

Series: Bradford Books | Publication Date: July 16, 1999

Until the mid-1980s, AI researchers assumed that an intelligent system doing high-level reasoning was necessary for the coupling of perception and action. In this traditional model, cognition mediates between perception and plans of action. Realizing that this core AI, as it was known, was illusory, Rodney A. Brooks turned the field of AI on its head by introducing the behavior-based approach to robotics. The cornerstone of behavior-based robotics is the realization that the coupling of perception and action gives rise to all the power of intelligence and that cognition is only in the eye of an observer. Behavior-based robotics has been the basis of successful applications in entertainment, service industries, agriculture, mining, and the home. It has given rise to both autonomous mobile robots and more recent humanoid robots such as Brooks' Cog.This book represents Brooks' initial formulation of and contributions to the development of the behavior-based approach to robotics. It presents all of the key philosophical and technical ideas that put this "bottom-up" approach at the forefront of current research in not only AI but all of cognitive science.

Editorial Reviews

Amazon.com Review

Will we build intelligent robots from the brain down, or from the legs up? Rodney A. Brooks, the controversial director of MIT's Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, is betting on the latter--and the smart money's following him. Cambrian Intelligence, composed of eight papers written between 1985 and 1991, explores the technical and philosophical aspects of behavior-based robotics, offering much for the interested mind to ponder. Does cognition mediate between perception and action, or is this an illusion? Can a robot be called "intelligent" if it lacks anything we would call a brain? Brooks, simply by asking these questions, launched a new movement in artificial intelligence, and these brash, bold papers show how he laid the work for his eventual conquest of Mars with tiny autonomous robots.

Whether you're new to Brooks, know him from his work, or saw him in the documentary Fast, Cheap, and Out of Control, you'll find a lot to love in Cambrian Intelligence. The four technical papers do inspire moments of anxiety in nontechnical readers, but the four philosophical papers are splendidly thought-provoking and even a bit confrontational. (Reviewers have called his work "inflammatory," but Brooks earns this privilege because he's right.) While the work reported here is several years old, it still feels fresh and new to those of us who grew up reading about top-down artificial intelligence as if it were the only and obvious design choice. The next generation of intelligent robots are growing from the bottom up, and you can get in on the ground floor with Cambrian Intelligence. --Rob Lightner

About the Author

Rodney A. Brooks is the Fujitsu Professor of Computer Science and Engineering and Director of the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Product Details

• Paperback: 213 pages
• Publisher: A Bradford Book; 1 edition (July 16, 1999)
• Language: English
• ISBN-10: 0262522632
• ISBN-13: 978-0262522632
• Product Dimensions: 9 x 6 x 0.5 inches
• Shipping Weight: 12.6 ounces (View shipping rates and policies)
• Average Customer Review: 3.2 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (5 customer reviews)
• Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #1,018,893 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
  • #93 in Books > Computers & Technology > Computer Science > Artificial Intelligence > Computer Mathematics

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Customer Reviews

Most Helpful Customer Reviews

28 of 29 people found the following review helpful:

4.0 out of 5 stars Excellent compilation of Brooks' papers on behavior-based AI, August 25, 1999

By A Customer

This review is from: Cambrian Intelligence: The Early History of the New AI (Paperback)

This book is essentially a collection of several "classic" papers by Brooks on behavior-based AI/robotics. He has added some nice historical commentary to the papers, which helps bind the book together. If you have been following Brooks' research, you may find that you already have most of this material, but this book is still a nice compilation, and is also a good introduction to behavior-based AI.

82 of 95 people found the following review helpful:

1.0 out of 5 stars Absolutely misleading!, January 12, 2000

By A Customer

This review is from: Cambrian Intelligence: The Early History of the New AI (Paperback)

This book is absolutely misleading! It is not a 'book' in the first place, but only a compendium of papers. The subtitle "an early history of the new AI" is ridiculous, for there is no history, not even a personal account of it! Even if Brooks is doing good science, I still think that most intelligent readers should go for the papers instead of paying for the very same thing in book form, because that is exactly why papers exist in the first place.

Anyway, these are the references that form such "early history of AI":

Chapter 1. A robust layered control system for a mobile robot, IEEE Journal of Robotics and Automation 2, 1986, 14-23.

Chapter 2. A robot that walks: emergent behaviors from a carefully evolved network. Neural Computation 1, 1989, 253-262.

Chapter 3. Learning a distributed map representation based on navigation behaviors. Proceedings of the 1990 USA-Japan Symposium on Flexible Automation, Kioto, Japan, 499-506.

Chapter 4. New approaches to robotics. Science 253, 12227-1232, 1991.

Chapter 5. Intelligence without representation. Artificial Intelligence 47, 139-160, 1991.

Chapter 6. Planning is just a way of avoiding figuring out what to do next. MIT AI Lab Working Paper 303, September 1987.

Chapter 7. Elephants don't play chess. Robotics and Autonomous Systems 6, 1990, 3-15.

Chapter 8. Intelligence without reason. Proceedings of the 1991 IJCAI, 569-595.

I just thought other readers might not appreciate being deceived the way I was...

AL

11 of 12 people found the following review helpful:

3.0 out of 5 stars Brooks Collection -- History and then?, September 23, 2001

By 

Henrik I. Christensen (Stockholm, Sweden) - See all my reviews

This review is from: Cambrian Intelligence: The Early History of the New AI (Paperback)

This book is a collection of the "best" / most cited Brooks papers. Basically it covers what is considered the core of papers that got behaviour based robotics rolling. Almost all papers have appeared as journal papers earlier and this is merely a convenient collection of these.

For anyone working on mobile robotics these papers are a must. I.e. everyone ought to know these papers, both because they are thought provoking and widely referenced. For anyone with access to a library it might be an overkill to pay for this book. Go to the library and read the papers.

The real disappointment here is the lack of a historical perspective. These papers are all 5-15 years old. They strongly influenced the robotics world when they were published. The examples are interesting, but for REAL everyday robot systems the world is more complex than indicated by Brooks. It would have been interesting to see a final chapter that discussed lessons and limitations of the approach when seen in a historical perspective. Brooks is now building a humanoid system (Cog) and one wonders how many of the behaviour based ideas made it into Cog? Probably not as many as this book might indicate.

If you have a library, use you money on an upto date book! If not, you ought to acquire it for a view of the history.