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Capitalism with Chinese Characteristics: Entrepreneurship and the State
 
 
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Capitalism with Chinese Characteristics: Entrepreneurship and the State [Hardcover]

Yasheng Huang (Author)
4.1 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (11 customer reviews)

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Book Description

0521898102 978-0521898102 September 1, 2008 1
An Economist Book of the Year, 2008
This book presents a story of two Chinas - an entrepreneurial rural China and a state-controlled urban China. In the 1980s, rural China gained the upper hand, and the result was rapid as well as broad-based growth. In the 1990s, urban China triumphed. In the 1990s, the Chinese state reversed many of its productive rural experiments, with long-lasting damage to the economy and society. A weak financial sector, income disparity, rising illiteracy, productivity slowdowns, and reduced personal income growth are the product of the capitalism with Chinese characteristics of the 1990s and beyond. While GDP grew quickly in both decades, the welfare implications of growth differed substantially. The book uses the emerging Indian miracle to debunk the widespread notion that democracy is automatically anti-growth. The single biggest obstacle to sustainable growth and financial stability in China today is its poor political governance. As the country marks its 30th anniversary of reforms in 2008, China faces some of its toughest economic challenges and substantial vulnerabilities that require fundamental institutional reforms.

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Editorial Reviews

Review

"The development of the Chinese private sector is a key to the future shape and performance of the Chinese economy. At present, the subject is widely misunderstood. This book does more than any other to clarify the issues and point the way forward." - Christopher Howe, FBA, School of East Asian Studies, University of Sheffield

"Yasheng Huang is an insightful scholar of China's political economy. In this important book, he shows how China's rural economy took off in the 1980s, led by 'township and village enterprises' that were essentially private, only to be ignored in the 1990s by state-led development that focused on urban regions such as Shanghai. The 'Shanghai miracle,' he argues - and as any businessman who has worked there knows - was not the simple triumph of capitalism, but of a stronger and more intrusive (and effective) state. If one wants to understand the policy origins of China's growing divide between rich and poor, urban and rural, one need look no further than this book." - William Kirby, Harvard University

"Sure to generate a lively debate, Professor Huang's study provides a provocative and well-researched challenge to much current thinking on China's economic development. The widely shared gains of the 1980s have not been matched in more recent years. Danger signs include the stagnation in household incomes, growing inequality and illiteracy, and heightened governance problems. Huang argues that China will not be able to continue to grow unless the benefits of growth are widely shared through fundamental political and legal reforms." - Susan Rose-Ackerman, Yale Law School

"Most books about China's economy and their authors fall into one of two camps: those that are hypercritical and those that are hyperlaudatory. Professor Huang's book is closer to the former than the latter, for example, he characterizes China's economy as '...crony capitalism built on systemic corruption and raw political power.' Yet, his book is different from, as well as better than, others in that genre because it gives ample recognition to contrary views and empirical data supporting them. Consequently, Capitalism with Chinese Characteristics is both immensely informative and enormously provocative." - Charles Wolf, Jr., Pardee RAND Graduate School

"For years, Western economists are amazed that China's growth is obviously fueled by factor accumulation and yet her capital markets appear to be under developed. Yasheng Huang's book provides some refreshing information and analysis. He shows that in China's vast rural areas, which Western academics often cannot obtain good and detailed information, economic and financial liberalization went much further than credited by outside analysts and that the rigorous development of private entrepreneurship explained much of China's takeoff. His thesis is worthy of attention; this book will enhance our understanding of China's economy and lead us to take a more thorough look at the development process." - Bernard Yeung, University of Singapore Business School

"Original research on China is rare, largely because statistics, though plentiful, are notoriously unreliable. Mr Huang... has unearthed thousands of long-forgotten pages of memoranda and policy documents issued by bank chairmen, businessmen and state officials. In the process he has discovered two Chinas: one, from not so long ago, vibrant, entrepreneurial and rural; the other, today's China, urban and controlled by the state." - The Economist

"Written before the full force of the crisis became apparent, Yasheng Huang's Capitalism with Chinese Characteristics: Entrepreneurship and the State presciently anticipates the need for a guide to the least understood weaknesses in China's economy.... As a look at China's entrepreneurial economy in the 1980s and 1990s - and as a counterpoint to the misconception that China is steadily evolving into a more market-oriented economy - this book is unparalleled." - Mark L. Clifford, Time

"From the liberal right, Yasheng Huang's Capitalism with Chinese Characteristics is a tour de force of empirical inquiry, conceptual clarity and independence of mind. Anyone wanting to know what kind of economy, and what sort of growth, can be found in the PRC should now start here." - Perry Anderson, London Review of Books

"This is the work of a careful and deeply skeptical mind; one that excels in mining difficult to obtain and dodgy economic data and eschews received storylines.... If it is possible to come away from this impressively informed account of China's recent evolution still believing in the country's continued rise, it is well-nigh impossible to come away from exposure to Huang with one's faith in the standard narratives intact." - Howard French, chinabeat.org

"This is a book that clearly stands out from the recent China books, and it might be destined to become one of the big references in the field." - Julen Madariaga, chinayouren.com

"This is among the most important books to appear on contemporary China this decade. Motivated by a socially conscious economic liberalism and guided by a firmly positivist epistemology, Yasheng Huang challenges--and defeats--some of the most sacred myths surrounding Chinese political economy as reinforced by scholars and widely accepted by the general public. The book is essential reading for any political scientist specializing in China, international relations, comparative economic development, or comparative change." - Daniel C. Lynch, University of Southern California, Perspectives on Politics

"Huang's book should be required reading for all those who are interested in the contours of the Chinese political economy and the comparative dimensions of East Asian developmental states." - Jeremy Paltiel, Carleton University, Canadian Journal of Political Science

"The main contribution of the book lies in its meticulous examinations of voluminous government policy directives, statements and banking documents which yield significant insights into the relaxation of control over... China's financial sector in the 1980s and the macro-economic controls brought about by the Jiang Zeming-Zhu Rongji administration during the 1990s. It sheds important light over the internal mechanism of the two waves of China's economic reforms..." - George C.S. Lin, The University of Hong Kong, Pacific Affairs

Book Description

This book presents a story of two Chinas - an entrepreneurial rural China and a state-controlled urban China. In the 1980s, rural China gained the upper hand, and the result was rapid as well as broad-based growth. In the 1990s, urban China triumphed. In the 1990s, the Chinese state reversed many of its productive rural experiments, with long-lasting damage to the economy and society.

Product Details

  • Hardcover: 366 pages
  • Publisher: Cambridge University Press; 1 edition (September 1, 2008)
  • Language: English
  • ISBN-10: 0521898102
  • ISBN-13: 978-0521898102
  • Product Dimensions: 9.1 x 6.1 x 1.2 inches
  • Shipping Weight: 1.3 pounds (View shipping rates and policies)
  • Average Customer Review: 4.1 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (11 customer reviews)
  • Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #86,706 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

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Customer Reviews

11 Reviews
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Average Customer Review
4.1 out of 5 stars (11 customer reviews)
 
 
 
 
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Most Helpful Customer Reviews

25 of 28 people found the following review helpful:
5.0 out of 5 stars Indispensable for understanding China, October 22, 2008
By 
Robert Ray (Orange County, California) - See all my reviews
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Amazon Verified Purchase(What's this?)
This review is from: Capitalism with Chinese Characteristics: Entrepreneurship and the State (Hardcover)
Professor Huang has written a brilliant critique of China's economic development (and of necessity, debunks much of what others have written about China's economy). He shows that China's development started in the 1980's with government programs focused on the rural economy, with programs designed to encourage rural entrepreneurs. Unfortunately with the Tiananmen Square crackdown, the new government leaders (technocrats from Shanghai) focused on major programs for urban areas, including massive construction projects and encouragement of foreign investment. Rural enterprises (and their required informal and official funding networks) were shut down. Although there was a proliferation of highrise buildings and massive construction projects (Three Gorges Dam, Shanghai's maglev, the Olympics,...) the result was slower income growth (especially in the rural areas), increasing illiteracy (parents could not afford to pay rapidly increasing tuitions), declining health care (hospitals, like schools, also became profit centers for local bureaucrats), expropriation of farmers' land, and much much more corruption, all of which has led to increasing social disorder among peasants who are finding themselves worse off. Party cadres' pay has rapidly increased and there are now far more of them. And productivity growth has declined or has even straight-lined. A return to the policies of the 1980's is clearly in order, but the current leaders, while trying to fix things, are still relying on top down commands and controls, and they have a much larger bureaucracy to keep happy.
Anyone trying to understand China's economic development over the last thirty years must read this. The causes of China's growth are badly misunderstand; too many economists and analysts have been overwhelmed by the vision of Shanghai's massive development without understanding the tremendous cost and waste involved, and the penalties paid by the common people (income for the poorest Shanghaiese has actually been going down).
The book should also be a lesson for Western politicians who think that China's methods of centralized planning and control of industrial policy can be applied in the West. Or maybe our politicians also understand how government control can lead to huge payoffs for politicians (as with Countrywide Credit's payoffs of at least two senators and lots of others politically connected, not to mention the huge salaries paid to Democrat politicians 'working' at Fannie Mae).
Read this book if you have any interest in China or economic development!
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11 of 12 people found the following review helpful:
5.0 out of 5 stars Radically new view of the recent Chinese Economy, December 9, 2008
By 
Amazon Verified Purchase(What's this?)
This review is from: Capitalism with Chinese Characteristics: Entrepreneurship and the State (Hardcover)
This is one of those books that very significantly change how we see a very important part of the world. The above reader review and the professional book reviews capture the book's strengths very well. I don't have the necessary expertise to question the author's interpretations, but they have immense credibility in their basis in detailed exploration of Chinese archives. For an historian a compelling use of documents to create a fundamentally new paradigm of recent Chinese economic history.
My only real complaint is with the editing: too often the same phrases are used to repeat the same message or qualification of the message. It becomes a little like a hypnotic poem: it makes sure we get the message, and given its novelty perhaps this is acceptable. I think that if the analysis of this book is accurate, then we can expect very significant disorder in China with the unfolding of the global credit crisis. And in a funny sort of way it will all be the result of the American and Chinese varieties of crony Capitalism. In both cases one has some sympathy for entrepreneurs and ordinary working people caught in the webs constructed by economic and political elites more keen on building their own enormous wealth than on the wider economy. The triumph of unenlightened self interest.
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6 of 6 people found the following review helpful:
5.0 out of 5 stars Clears up some big puzzles, leaves many smaller ones, November 11, 2009
By 
Peter McCluskey (San Bruno, CA USA) - See all my reviews
(REAL NAME)   
This review is from: Capitalism with Chinese Characteristics: Entrepreneurship and the State (Hardcover)
This is the most insightful book I've read so far on the Chinese economy. Most commentators only look at the most readily available data, but Huang dug through many obscure detailed records that were less likely to be manipulated.

The most important point of the book is to show that the widely held view of China as having gradual, steady improvement since 1978 is wrong. There was a dramatic political change in 1978 that allowed the rural parts of China (which still account for a large part of the economy, and where entrepreneurial culture had not been stamped out by communism) to prosper. Then starting in 1989 urban-focused leaders stifled rural businesses, causing stagnation there until 2002, when leaders more friendly to rural business gained power and allowed fairly healthy growth to resume.

Meanwhile urban areas have been dominated by crony capitalism which produced a good deal of gdp growth through massive state-directed investment in large companies, especially in the 1990s. This growth has produced fewer benefits to the average person than gdp numbers would lead us to expect.

Most of China's success has been due to private enterprise. Beliefs that state-run businesses have produced growth are partly due to confusing reports about which companies are private.

I'm fairly impressed by the documentation of the changes in the rural political climate, but since the author seems to be the only one reading his sources of data and since it would be very time consuming to check them, it would be easy for errors to go unnoticed. For urban issues, he appears to be overstating the importance of problems that are not unique to China.

He partly clears up the puzzle of China doing better than should be expected for a country whose legal system doesn't provide much rule of law. He provides evidence that some of the most important successes depend on British law imported via Hong Kong. But he doesn't provide enough evidence to tell us how important this effect has been.

He leaves unanswered many questions I'd like answered. Why did government policies undergo these changes? Is the surprisingly reported steady gdp growth mostly the result of manipulated statistics? How much of the growth has been an investment bubble, and how much is sustainable? How did entrepreneurial culture survive communism in rural China so much better than in other countries?
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Inside This Book (learn more)
Key Phrases - Statistically Improbable Phrases (SIPs): (learn more)
entrepreneurial decade, financing repression, entrepreneurial provinces, rural financial reforms, individual share capital, foreign share capital, rural private sector, registered private sector, rural entrepreneurship, shareholding firms, rural income growth, industrial policy approach, urban disposable income, rising illiteracy, rural net income, informal finance, indigenous private sector, urban biases, gradualist perspective, shareholding cooperatives, property rights security, glory projects, urban household income, rural firms, alliance enterprises
Key Phrases - Capitalized Phrases (CAPs): (learn more)
Chinese Characteristics, World Bank, Hong Kong, Great Reversal, State Council, Ministry of Agriculture, The Entrepreneurial Decade, Cultural Revolution, Just How Capitalist Is China, East Asian, United States, Xiushui Market, Deng Xiaoping, Jiang Zemin, Agricultural Bank of China, Zhao Ziyang, Soviet Union, People's Bank of China, Latin America, Great Leap Forward, Pan Ning, Central Committee, Madame Chen, Shanghai Fuxing, Washington Consensus
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