Centennial Campaign: The Sioux War of 1876 [Paperback]

John S. Gray (Author), Robert M. Utley (Foreword)

Book Description

Publication Date: June 15, 1988

“A fine book…In the twenty-two chapters that comprise the background and the campaign narrative, the author is at his best when he moves away from the Washington scene to detail the field operations. But it is the second part of the book—seven chapters labeled “Facets”—that moves Centennial Campaign into the realm of the exceptional. Here Dr. Gray combines impressive research, careful analysis, and sound deduction to reconstruct Indian movements, locations, and concentrations.”—Western Historical Quarterly

Editorial Reviews

Review

"I have no hesitation in labeling this the best single volume ever published on the Custer Battle and the Sioux War of 1876." ---Robert M. Utley

"In his soundly documented and absorbing book John Gray manages with cumulative power what few have attempted: a total view of the U.S. Army campaign against the Sioux in 1976 - that strange wilderness war whose centerpiece was the Custer 'massacre.' There's no nonsense here, no romantic pseudo-history. Gray uses authentic sources with critical insight, calls his shots clearly and bluntly." ---Publishers Weekly

"A fine book . . .. Gray gives us the whole story in an integrated package . . .. In the twenty-two chapters that comprise the background and the campaign narrative, the author is at his best when he moves away from the Washington scene to detail the field operations. But it is the second part of the book - seven chapters labeled "facets" - that moves Centennial Campaign into the realm of the exceptional. Here Dr. Gray combines impressive research, careful analysis, and sound deduction to reconstruct Indian movements, locations, and concentrations." --- Western Historical Quarterly

"[Gray's] views are occasionally controversial, but are based on a careful consideration of the primary material. By avoiding the many garbled secondary accounts, he brings some fresh insights to the issues. A series of good maps helps the reader follow campaign activity. This is a thoughtful study of a tragic, unnecessary war." --- Roger L. Nichols, Journal of American History

About the Author

John S. Gray was a medical doctor and professor of physiology who became interested in American frontier history as a respite from university administrative duties.

Robert "Bob" Utley served for 25 years in various capacities with the National Park Service and other federal agencies. Since his retirement from the federal government in 1980, he has devoted himself full time to historical research and writing. His specialty is the history of the American West. Ten of Bob's books have been selections of the History Book Club, eight of the Book of the Month Club.

Bob was born in Arkansas October 31, 1929, but reared in Indiana. He attended Purdue and Indiana Universities (BS 1951, MA 1952). Bob spent six collegiate summers as a ranger-historian at Custer Battlefield National Monument, Montana, now Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument. He first pinned on the silver park ranger badge (not the present gold one) in June 1947 and took it off in September 1952 to be drafted into the U.S. Army. Bob also served four years, both as an enlisted man and an officer. Although trained as an infantryman, he served the final two years (plus one as a civilian), as a historian for the Joint Chiefs of Staff in the Pentagon.

Bob returned to the National Park Service in permanent status in September 1957 and served, successively, as Regional Historian of the Southwest Region in Santa Fe, New Mexico, 1957-64; as Chief Historian in Washington DC, 1964-72; as Director, Office of Archeology and Historic Preservation, 1972-73; and as Assistant Director of the National Park Service for Park Historic Preservation, 1973-76. From 1977 to 1980 he was Deputy Executive Director of the President's Advisory Council on Historic Preservation.

One of the founders of the Western History Association, Bob served on its governing council 1962-74 and as its president 1967-68. He was a member of the editorial board of The American West Magazine, 1964-80. The Western Historical Quarterly was launched during my presidency, and Bob served on its editorial board 1968-73. Bob was also a founder of the Potomac Corral of the Westerners Club in 1955 and its sheriff in 1973, and Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Eastern National Park and Monument Association 1985-87 and 1989-92. He has appeared frequently on television productions related to the history of the West (Real West, for example, and How the West Was Lost, as well as others on the History, Discovery, and other channels).

In 1974 Purdue University awarded Bob an Honorary Doctor of Letters degree, followed by the University of New Mexico in 1976 and Indiana University in 1981. In 1971 Bob received the Department of the Interior's Distinguished Service Award.

Since 1980 Bob has been married to Melody Webb, also a National Park Service veteran and also a historian.

Product Details

• Paperback: 408 pages
• Publisher: University of Oklahoma Press (June 15, 1988)
• Language: English
• ISBN-10: 0806121521
• ISBN-13: 978-0806121529
• Product Dimensions: 9 x 6 x 1.2 inches
• Shipping Weight: 1.5 pounds (View shipping rates and policies)
• Average Customer Review: 4.9 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (7 customer reviews)
• Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #254,253 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

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Customer Reviews

Most Helpful Customer Reviews

12 of 12 people found the following review helpful:

5.0 out of 5 stars A Total Picture of The Sioux War: Before and After Custer, December 30, 2000

By 

Daniel Hurley (Chesapeake, VA.) - See all my reviews
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This review is from: Centennial Campaign: The Sioux War of 1876 (Paperback)

This is a great book to learn everything about the 1876 Sioux War from the political and economic situations that fueled the conflict (gold and the Black Hills, dissolving the 1868 Peace Treaty), the behavior of the independent Sioux, Grant's ultimatum, the Sheridan three prong attack on the Sioux, the political (Custer and Grant) and weather problems hindering he start of the campaign and General's Crook and Terry's frustrating attempts to catch the Sioux and Cheyenne who fragmented into smaller groups after the Little Big Horn. Also covers Crook's March campaign that resulted in a controversial but failed battle on the Powder River and the critical battle of the Rosebud in June 30 miles southeast of the Little Big Horn which occurred just 8 days prior to Custer's annihilation. Crook, the great Indian fighter with twice Custer's number, becomes displaced out of the Sheridan attack plan due to the furious attack by the Sioux and Cheyenne. Gray also documents how the winter roamers left the agencies to join the summer roamers (Sitting Bull, Gall, Crazy Horse, Two Moon) which peaked with one of the largest villages ever on the North American continent at the time of Custer's attack. The book completes the story by detailing the aftermath of Custer's battle with Crooks and Terry's joint and separate campaigns and the addition of General Nelson Miles. Not a total story on Custer, for that you should read Gray's "Custer's Last Campaign" but start with "Centennial Campaign" to get the complete picture.

12 of 14 people found the following review helpful:

5.0 out of 5 stars The finest book on the Custer battle, July 31, 1999

By 

Morgan Sjoberg (Malmö, Sweden) - See all my reviews

This review is from: Centennial Campaign: The Sioux War of 1876 (Paperback)

With an unromantic and realistic attitude John S. Gray has given us the finest book ever on the battle of the Little Big Horn. Furthermore, he has given us the buildup and aftermath of Custer's famous last stand, and thus given us a truly believable account of this, the most famous of Indian wars. If You're into Custer, Indians or the western frontier, You're not excused from not buying this book. It stands as perhaps the finest work in the entire Custer/Little Big Horn library.

12 of 15 people found the following review helpful:

4.0 out of 5 stars Great detail on troop movements; opinionated and judgmental, May 31, 2000

By 

Hon. William L. Blackwell - See all my reviews

This review is from: Centennial Campaign: The Sioux War of 1876 (Paperback)

Gray provides an outstanding insight into all troop movements before and after the showdown at the Little Big Horn. He is particularly harsh in his assessments of Col. John Gibbon, Gen. George Crook, and Capt. Frederick Benteen. On the other hand he is fairly charitable to Maj. Marcus Reno while others have been more critical of Reno. He fairly glows in his treatment of Custer.

As with many historians in their treatment of the Battle of Little Big Horn, he jumps to dogmatic conclusions fairly easily when he seeks to cast blame (as on Benteen for "dawdling") and when he attributes to Custer the wise deployment of his troop resources. See for example at page 177: "---he (Custer) was relieved to see that Reno had halted to form a skirmish line and was only lightly engaged. He should now be able to hold out until Custer's larger force could get into action". Gray does not tell us how he managed to communicate with Custer in the after life in order to ascertain these feelings of Custer. He further ignores the testimony of John Martin (the trumpeter who took the message to Benteen) to the court of inquiry that Custer exulted over catching the Indians "napping".

In reaching some of these dogmatic conclusions, Gray simply buys into the overstatement of many historians who find some thin support for their fictionalized conclusions.

However, this book is an excellent narrative of the troop and scouting maneuvers leading up to and following the battle. He also writes at the beginning of the book an excellent summary of the cultural conflicts that led to this tragedy for all involved----the soldiers and the Indians.