City: Urbanism and Its End [Hardcover]

Professor Douglas W. Rae (Author)

Book Description

Publication Date: October 1, 2003 | ISBN-10: 0300095775 | ISBN-13: 978-0300095777 | Edition: 1st ed

How did neighbourhood groceries, parish halls, factories and even saloons contribute more to urban vitality than did the fiscal might of postwar urban renewal? With a novelist's eye for telling detail, Douglas Rae depicts the features that contributed most to city life in the early "urbanist" decades of the 20th century. Rae's subject is New Haven, Connecticut, but the lessons he draws apply to many American cities. This text begins with a richly textured portrait of New Haven in the early 20th century, a period of centralized manufacturing, civic vitality and mixed-use neighbourhoods. As social and economic conditions changed, the city confronted its end of urbanism first during the Depression, and then very aggressively during the mayoral reign of Richard C. Lee (1954-70), when New Haven led the nation in urban renewal spending. But government spending has repeatedly failed to restore urban vitality. Rae argues that strategies for the urban future should focus on nurturing the unplanned civic engagements that make mixed-use city life so appealing and so civilized. Cities need not reach their old peaks of population, or look like thriving suburbs, to be once again splendid places for human beings to live and work.

Editorial Reviews

Review

"For anyone with the slightest interest in cities . . . that rare combination: a must-read volume that you can't put down." -- Planning Magazine

This is one of the best 'city' books yet seen. -- Tom Condon, Hartford Courant

From the Back Cover

"Rae makes a major contribution with this book. I know of no other work that weaves so much detail with so much sophistication about what the detail means. I plan to recommend this book to everyone interested in cities that I know."-Gerald E. Frug, Harvard Law School and author of City Making: Building Communities without Building Walls

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Product Details

• Hardcover: 544 pages
• Publisher: Yale University Press; 1st ed edition (October 1, 2003)
• Language: English
• ISBN-10: 0300095775
• ISBN-13: 978-0300095777
• Product Dimensions: 9.3 x 6.8 x 1.7 inches
• Shipping Weight: 2 pounds
• Average Customer Review: 4.8 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (5 customer reviews)
• Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #1,244,368 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

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Customer Reviews

Most Helpful Customer Reviews

11 of 11 people found the following review helpful:

5.0 out of 5 stars a case study of a city's rise and fall, August 9, 2005

By 

Michael Lewyn (Forest Hills, NY) - See all my reviews
(VINE VOICE)    (REAL NAME)   

This review is from: City: Urbanism and Its End (The Institution for Social and Policy St) (Paperback)

Many books have been written about the decline of American cities- but I have found none quite like this one.

Rae's book is not an abstract set of generalizations, but a case study of one city: New Haven, Connecticut.

The first half of the book begins by talking about the rise of New Haven. At the start of the 19th century, New Haven was just one of many small towns in south central Connecticut. But by 1910 it was an industrial powerhouse with 80% of the region's population. What went right?

Once railroads were invented in the early 19th century, intercity (between cities) transportation became much easier - but at the same time, intracity transportation was still cumbersome. So industry was centralized in a few downtowns, and most people lived within a mile of their work. And cheap energy (through coal and steam) benefited port cities which, like New Haven, lacked the power of falling water and thus did not have a large mill industry. Moreover, coal (unlike modern electricity) was also easier to transport between downtowns than within cities. So labor and capital were centralized in New Haven, which by 1910 was a crime-free, bustling, very urban place.

New Haven stopped growing as early as the 1920s, and started to shrink in the 1950s. What went wrong?

Rae lists a variety of factors- some that were beyond the control of any politician, and some that could have been controlled through more enlightened public policy.

In the first category, Rae mentions the rise of the automobile (which decentralized regions by making transportation within a region easier) and the rise of the electric power grid (which allowed cheap energy to go beyond regional cores). Television decimated the city's volunteer civic organizations, and national centralization of industry meant that local groceries were supplanted by regional supermarkets and New Haven's industries were bought by corporations headquartered in other cities and often moved around the country or around the globe.

In the second category, Rae criticizes highways that encouraged movement to suburbia, public housing projects that anchored low-skill people in urban cores that were losing low-skill manufacturing jobs, zoning that discouraged retail outside of a few commercial streets, New Deal housing agencies that discouraged investment in urban working-class neighborhoods, and urban renewal projects that bulldozed those neighborhoods in the 1950s and 1960s to build more highways and housing projects.

Was sprawl inevitable? Given the wide range of factors cited by Rae, some sprawl was inevitable- but the disastrous decline of New Haven probably wasn't.

7 of 7 people found the following review helpful:

5.0 out of 5 stars Simply the best book on cities., October 15, 2003

By A Customer

Amazon Verified Purchase

This review is from: City: Urbanism and Its End (Hardcover)

This book chronicles the rich urban life of New Haven, CT, and the forces that brought about its decline in the postwar period. It dissects the misplaced theories underpinning the urban renewal movement and details the disastrous effects that these policies had on New Haven. While the book focuses on New Haven, the discussion is pertinent to urban renewal projects in dozens of US cities, and is of interest to anyone interested in the decline, and possible rebirth of urban life. One unique characteristic of this book is the quality of the writing: witty, insightful. Despite being a scholarly book, it reads like a novel. I would highly recommend this book to anyone interested in cities.

7 of 8 people found the following review helpful:

5.0 out of 5 stars Tour de force shatters urban legends, October 30, 2003

By A Customer

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This review is from: City: Urbanism and Its End (Hardcover)

Rae spins a story like a novelist, but this book is really a tour de force, assembling an impressive amount of data to explain how well-intentioned urban planning policies failed, and how America lost its sense of what creates livable cities. It's a terrific read for anyone interested in the tale of American urban evolution in the twentieth century, and a must-read for those involved in urban planning, public policy and politics.