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Civil Islam [Paperback]

Robert W. Hefner (Author)
5.0 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (2 customer reviews)

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Book Description

0691050473 978-0691050478 August 15, 2000

Civil Islam tells the story of Islam and democratization in Indonesia, the world's largest Muslim nation. Challenging stereotypes of Islam as antagonistic to democracy, this study of courage and reformation in the face of state terror suggests possibilities for democracy in the Muslim world and beyond.

Democratic in the early 1950s and with rich precedents for tolerance and civility, Indonesia succumbed to violence. In 1965, Muslim parties were drawn into the slaughter of half a million communists. In the aftermath of this bloodshed, a "New Order" regime came to power, suppressing democratic forces and instituting dictatorial controls that held for decades. Yet from this maelstrom of violence, repressed by the state and denounced by conservative Muslims, an Islamic democracy movement emerged, strengthened, and played a central role in the 1998 overthrow of the Soeharto regime. In 1999, Muslim leader Abdurrahman Wahid was elected President of a reformist, civilian government.

In explaining how this achievement was possible, Robert Hefner emphasizes the importance of civil institutions and public civility, but argues that neither democracy nor civil society is possible without a civilized state. Against portrayals of Islam as inherently antipluralist and undemocratic, he shows that Indonesia's Islamic reform movement repudiated the goal of an Islamic state, mobilized religiously ecumenical support, promoted women's rights, and championed democratic ideals. This broadly interdisciplinary and timely work heightens our awareness of democracy's necessary pluralism, and places Indonesia at the center of our efforts to understand what makes democracy work.



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Editorial Reviews

Review


Hefner describes brilliantly the Muslim's role in democratizing, if not civilizing, Indonesia. The work, long overdue, is significant. . . . [Hefner] clearly knows his way around Indonesia and is fully aware of what it means to be an Indonesian. -- Dicky Sofjan, Studies in Contemporary Islam



Robert Hefner's important book, Civil Islam, is the most detailed study of Islam in the Suharto Period to appear to date. . . . Hefner writes with special sympathy on those influential currents in Indonesian Islam. . . . -- Martin Van Bruinessen, Times Literary Supplement



In this book, Robert W. Hefner . . . argues . . . that Islamic states and civil society are compatible, and he adduces considerable evidence from Indonesian political history . . . to make his case. He makes an important contribution to our knowledge of the dynamics of contemporary Islam in Indonesia. -- Richard C. Martin, The Journal of Asian Studies



What is interesting about the text is that despite his training as an anthropologist, Hefner draws on different disciplines such as history, political science and sociology to provide this major contribution to the literature of Indonesia. Anyone interested in the nature of democracy, for instance, should read the brilliant conclusion . . . a powerful warning against civilizational intolerance in the modern world. The challenge of change and, specifically, democratic change within Indonesia and within an Islamic context provides larger meaning in a world so easily dominated by easy and simple assumptions. This text lucidly brings this point to life. -- Kenneth Christie, International Affairs

From the Inside Flap

"A powerful and rich study of the micro-foundations of political democracy in Indonesian Islam; its institutions, its practices, its varied beliefs and tumultuous history. Hefner supplies the indispensable sub-structure for a real understanding of 'social capital' and 'civil society." (James C. Scott, Yale University)

"This timely book boldly and rigorously tackles one of the most important problems of the post-Cold War world--can the ideal of a democratic, open society be generalized across cultures. To Samuel Huntington's negative, Hefner offers the most convincing response. Civil Islam documents the development of a robust civic tradition where Huntington least expected to find it, in the grossly understudied world of Indonesian Islam. Despite enormous provocation from its enemies, this civil Islam, he shows, has made possible Indonesia's still-fragile democratic transition. His superb book should transform our understanding of Indonesia, of Islam, and of the nature of democratization in a plural world." (Anthony Reid, University of California, Los Angeles)

"There is no better voice or book. Robert Hefner's Civil Society is a masterful and compelling account of Muslim politics in contemporary Indonesia." (John L. Esposito, Director, Center for Muslim-Christian Understanding: History and International Affairs, Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University)

"This is a magnificent piece of scholarship that succeeds on a number of levels. Hefner is to be congratulated on his tremendous contributions to the literature on Indonesia and Southeast Asia generally, as well as his deep insights on-and furthering of-myriad debates on politics, religion, civil society, and modernity." (Michael G. Peletz, Colgate University) --This text refers to the Hardcover edition.


Product Details

  • Paperback: 312 pages
  • Publisher: Princeton University Press (August 15, 2000)
  • Language: English
  • ISBN-10: 0691050473
  • ISBN-13: 978-0691050478
  • Product Dimensions: 9.1 x 6.1 x 0.8 inches
  • Shipping Weight: 14.9 ounces (View shipping rates and policies)
  • Average Customer Review: 5.0 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (2 customer reviews)
  • Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #490,122 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

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16 of 19 people found the following review helpful:
5.0 out of 5 stars To be civil is Islam, January 14, 2001
By A Customer
This review is from: Civil Islam (Hardcover)
Robert W. Hefner's latest scholarly work tells the tale of Indonesia's desperate search for religious identity. Being the largest Muslim nation in the world, Indonesia has gone under tremendous pressure to prove itself to the outside world that Islam, being a major force within its society, is compatible with the universal values of current global politics.

This book represents an in-depth cross-cultural study on democracy and civil society in the Muslim context. Though it reveals a variety of religious interpretations within the Islamic body politic typically found in Muslim states, Hefner speaks not only to Muslims, but also a wide range of audiences interested in the issue of religion and contemporary politics.

To a significant portion, "Civil Islam" is dedicated to the cultural, political and intellectual efforts made by liberal Muslim leaders to secure Islam from being overridden by the power struggle during Suharto's New Order. It elaborates how liberal Muslim leaders such as incumbent President Abdurrahman Wahid was able to bring his conservative constituents, namely the 35-million-strong Nahdhatul Ulama, into a more liberal ideological stance, independent of the authoritarian state.

The analysis was done in an explicable manner that depicted the political confrontation between liberal Muslim leaders in alliance with civil society against regimist Muslims in coalition with the ultraconservative wing of the armed forces (i.e. army). For the Muslim liberals, secularization was thus a mere detour to prevent a recurring pattern of Indonesian history in which religious violence was no stranger in the land.

In writing the book, Hefner correctly assumes that in all religious communities, without the exception of the Islamic ummah, there are always uncivil elements stalking and even disrupting the democratic march in any given state. The Indonesian experience has many lessons to be drawn upon, and the most important one is that while society can be violent and uncivil, the state itself is often an essential sponsoring agent that spurs societal and cultural devastation. And when such political machination is in place, true democracy and civil society will only prevail via an all-encompassing reform movement or social revolution.

"Civil Islam" is an intriguing book and a must read for all serious Indonesianists and those interested in religion and the politics of change.

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6 of 7 people found the following review helpful:
5.0 out of 5 stars To be civil is Islam, January 14, 2001
By A Customer
This review is from: Civil Islam (Hardcover)
Robert W. Hefner's latest scholarly work tells the tale of Indonesia's desperate search for religious identity. Being the largest Muslim nation in the world, Indonesia has gone under tremendous pressure to prove itself to the outside world that Islam, being a major force within its society, is compatible with the universal values of current global politics.

This book represents an in-depth cross-cultural study on democracy and civil society in the Muslim context. Though it reveals a variety of religious interpretations within the Islamic body politic typically found in Muslim states, Hefner speaks not only to Muslims, but also a wide range of audiences interested in the issue of religion and contemporary politics.

To a significant portion, "Civil Islam" is dedicated to the cultural, political and intellectual efforts made by liberal Muslim leaders to secure Islam from being overridden by the power struggle during Suharto's New Order. It elaborates how liberal Muslim leaders such as incumbent President Abdurrahman Wahid was able to bring his conservative constituents, namely the 35-million-strong Nahdhatul Ulama, into a more liberal ideological stance, independent of the authoritarian state.

The analysis was done in an explicable manner that depicted the political confrontation between liberal Muslim leaders in alliance with civil society against regimist Muslims in coalition with the ultraconservative wing of the armed forces (i.e. army). For the Muslim liberals, secularization was thus a mere detour to prevent a recurring pattern of Indonesian history in which religious violence was no stranger in the land.

In writing the book, Hefner correctly assumes that in all religious communities, without the exception of the Islamic ummah, there are always uncivil elements stalking and even disrupting the democratic march in any given state. The Indonesian experience has many lessons to be drawn upon, and the most important one is that while society can be violent and uncivil, the state itself is often an essential sponsoring agent that spurs societal and cultural devastation. And when such political machination is in place, true democracy and civil society will only prevail via an all-encompassing reform movement or social revolution.

"Civil Islam" is an intriguing book and a must read for all serious Indonesianists and those interested in religion and the politics of change.

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Inside This Book (learn more)
First Sentence:
GLOBAL POLITICS at the turn of the millennium has been marked by two far-reaching events. Read the first page
Key Phrases - Statistically Improbable Phrases (SIPs): (learn more)
regime strategists, secular modernizers, asas tunggal, democratic proceduralism, modernist community, government strategists, civilian vigilantes, democratic civility, armed forces leadership, young modernists, modernist organization, secular democrats, prodemocracy movement, regional rebellions, armed forces commander, secular modernists, reform activists
Key Phrases - Capitalized Phrases (CAPs): (learn more)
Nahdlatul Ulama, Communist Party, East Java, President Soekarno, Abdurrahman Wahid, Adi Sasono, United States, Nurcholish Madjid, Mbak Tutut, Feisal Tanjung, Amien Rais, Jakarta Charter, Syarwan Hamid, Din Syamsuddin, Guided Democracy, Indonesian Muslims, People's Consultative Assembly, Prophet Muhammad, Department of Religion, Media Dahwah, Nationalist Party, West Java, Benny Moerdani, Dawam Rahardjo, General Soeharto
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