According to Rob Goffee and Gareth Jones, clever people "are the most valuable people the organization has - more valuable than their leaders (more valuable, perhaps, than even the CEO). Or, at least, they have the potential to be more valuable than anyone else." Warren Bennis once suggested that managing people resembles herding cats. Goffee and Jones suggest that managing clever people resembles herding lions and tigers...and perhaps (extending the metaphor to less-experienced but nonetheless high-potential workers) some jaguars, cougars, leopards, and cheetahs as well. Most books and articles I have read about managing talented people suggest that the challenge is to increase their value to the organization. "This book turns that challenge on its head. Clever is concerned with making the organization more valuable to clever people." They go on to suggest that those who manage them are required to recognize and accommodate two realities: "First, there needs to be an appreciation that clever people have a symbiotic relationship with their organizations. They need the sociability, infrastructure, credibility, resources and scale offered by an organization, as much as the organization needs their value-generating power. Second, unleashing the potential of clever people demands a new style of leadership. Leaders can no longer be the sole driving force for progress. They are not the one who leads the charge up the mountain. Rather, they must identify the clever people with the potential to reach the summit, connect with others, and help them get there."
The observations, suggestions, recommendations, and caveats that Goffee and Jones provide within their lively and eloquent narrative are all based on rigorous and extensive research. Their purpose is to help those with clever people entrusted to their care to understand what to do and how to do it, and, what not to be and do as well as why. The substantial upside is that clever people "are highly talented individuals with the potential to create disproportionate amounts of value from the resources that the organization makes available to them." In this context, I am reminded of the animators whom Walt Disney supervised who produced Snow White and The Seven Dwarfs, Pinocchio, Fantasia, Dumbo, and Bambi; the physicists whom J. Robert Oppenheimer supervised at Las Alamos; the aeronautical engineers whom Ben Rich and Clarence L. ("Kelly") Johnson supervised at Lockheed Martin's Advanced Development Programs (ADP), better known as the "Skunk Works" and those research scientists whom George Pake and Bob Taylor supervised at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC).
Goffee and Jones focus on a number of other supervisors who provided the leadership needed to manage clever people effectively, especially at a time when intellectual capital has become an even more important source of value and when there is an increasing dependence on a small but growing number of clever people. What Goffee and Jones characterize as the "Clever Economy" is not a utopian capitalist idyll. As Tracey Horton told them during an interview, "Highly talented people have the potential to create disproportionate amounts of value. They also have the potential to destroy disproportionate amounts of value." Goffee and Jones identify and discuss a number of common and dominant characteristics of clever people in the first chapter. They suggest to me both the "good news" and the "bad news." For example, they enjoy breaking rules, "suffer heavily from the knowledge-is-power syndrome," resent any review/evaluation process, ask difficult (e.g. politically incorrect) questions, are not impressed by corporate hierarchy, do not want to be led but expect instant access to whomever and whatever they need, and seldom express appreciation. "Even when you are leading them well, clever people may be unwilling to recognize your leadership...Measure your success [as a leader] by your ability to remain on the fringes of their radar. You know you're succeeding when you hear them say you're not getting in the way too much."
There are excellent suggestions about how to lead clever people in Chapter 2. In subsequent chapters, Goffee and Jones shift their attention from leaders and those whom they lead to "Clever Teams" (Chapters 3 and 4) and then "Clever Organizations" (Chapters 5 and 6). I especially appreciate the generous provision of comments by those who have direct and extensive experience with managing clever people. Their observations are based on real-world experience. For example:
"Clever people want to work in an environment of trust. The other thing is, they don't like to be told no. What they respect is if people say no, with an explanation. When it comes to communication from senior management, they are high maintenance. You have to explain more; they don't take yes or no [alone] for an answer." Neil Buckley, ING
"If you go up to these guys and say, `I wish we could do this, but I don't think it's possible!' this is by far and away the best way to motivate them. If I go past and say, `I wish we could do this, but I don't think we can do that, so we're going to have to do this boring thing instead,' in every case, the programmer is up to the task, it's the best way to motivate them. They will spend every waking hour saying, `I bet there is a way to solve it - I know there is a way.' They really enjoy it. It's the thrill of the hunt." Will Wright, EA
The research revealed the reasons why "clever teams regularly screw up." Simply putting clever people does not necessarily make them a team. More often than not, their efforts to collaborate fail. Reasons vary from one Clever Team to the next, of course, but these seem to be the most common causes of problems. First, an inability to agree on common goals. Also, "rarely if ever do they work together interdependently on a shared task." Also, there is almost always "a string drive of clever people to retain their autonomy and independence." Also, clever people tend to become wholly preoccupied with what they are doing...and ignore completely everyone else. Different kinds of Clever Teams encounter somewhat different kinds of problems. Techies have a tendency to be overly specialized and obsessed by their own area of specialization, to the detriment of the team's success. They also have weak interpersonal skills. Members of creative teams can be drawn to novelty at the expense of quality and often do nit see their work in a commercial context. Professional teams (e.g. physicians, attorneys, accountants, and academics) have a tendency to be willfully naughty and can often behave like children. There is also a tendency of professional teams to be "overly concerned or pedantic about setting rules and norms -- something that comes from professional training. Splitting hairs is their modus operandi." Frankly, after reading about all of the different ways that Clever Teams of various kinds have problems, I concluded that managing their members does indeed resemble resembles herding lions and tigers...and doing so while juggling hand grenades in a minefield and wearing a blindfold.
I think this is a "must read" for anyone who has supervisory responsibilities that include managing clever people or who expects to have such responsibilities at some point. To succeed in the Clever Economy, all organizations must not only identify the clever people they need; they must also attract and then retain them with a culture that provides the freedom, the environment, and the necessary discipline they need "to express and develop their talent." To achieve this goal requires a substantial commitment of resources, the most important of which is a quality of leadership that Rob Goffee and Gareth Jones explain thoroughly, indeed brilliantly in this book.