7 of 7 people found the following review helpful:
4.0 out of 5 stars
Scenes from a remarkable life, March 24, 2009
This novel is about three episodes in the life of that fascinating 19th century character, Sir Richard Burton (1821 to 1890), soldier, amateur anthropologist and explorer.
The first, which takes up about half the book, covers his life as a soldier in India (1842 to 1859). Thoroughly bored by the routine and by the narrow vision of his fellow officers, he first began learning several of India's native languages, and then took pride in his ability to disguise himself as an Indian so as to be able to mingle with them and get closer to understanding their way of life. Initially, when he was stationed in Baroda, he studied the Hindus; but when he was moved to Muslim Sindh, he became particularly fascinated by Islam. The conqueror of Sindh, General Napier, got Burton to use his skills to gather intelligence for him; but Burton thought the General's wish to impose British values on the natives wrong and counter-productive. This made him unreliable in the opinion of the army and would block any promotion. He left India and the Army.
The second part covers his pilgrimage to Mecca in 1853, disguised as Sheikh Abdullah and having made himself so perfectly familiar with the theory and practice of Islam that nobody penetrated his disguise; and the Muslim world was duly shocked when on his return he published an account of this experience. This part of the story gives a vivid account of such a pilgrimage - the dangers of attacks by plunderers, the fulfilment when the goal has been finally reached, but also the sickness and death that was the fate of so many exhausted pilgrims.
The third part covers Burton's expedition of 1857, together with his colleague and rival, John Hanning Speke, to find the source of the Nile. Again the many ordeals of the expedition are well described: the terrible terrain, frightful diseases, tribute to be paid to the chief of every village through which they passed, encounters with brutal Arab slavers.
The narrative alternates, in part 1 with comments of his Hindu servant; in part 2, rather tediously, with the attempts of Ottoman officials to find out, after Burton had published his account of his journey to Mecca, what his purpose might have been: they suspect it was gathering information for Britain's imperialist purposes; and in part 3, with an African guide who recounts to his friends his memories of the expedition, and who is the most interesting of the three. This device enables Troyanov to show Burton as he might have been seen by others, but I found it somewhat distracting, especially as you have to read some of the dialogue between several characters more than once to make sure who is speaking.
Altogether, I was a little disappointed by this book. Burton's personality did not come out as vividly as I think it might have done; the prose is sometimes striking, but at others it goes, I think, a little over the top (the book has been translated from the German by William Hobson); and the three episodes represent only a fraction (though a large one) of Burton's life. After a decent interval, I may return to him again, this time through a proper biography like Fawn Brodie's The Devil Drives.
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3 of 3 people found the following review helpful:
4.0 out of 5 stars
A rousing story of 19th century exploration, August 18, 2009
Fueled by an insatiable thirst for knowledge, adventure, and exploration, Richard Burton (1821 - 1870) cut a deep, wide swath across the Victorian British Empire, leaving reams of his own writings in his wake.
He spoke somewhere in the neighborhood of 29 languages. He traveled throughout India and the Middle East and sought the source of the Nile in Africa, nearly losing his life on numerous occasions. Renowned for his interest in local sexual proclivities, he translated the Kama Sutra and measured the sexual organs of men through whose lands he passed.
Given all this, and lots more, you would expect there to be cascades of colorful, swashbuckling fiction based on this outsize character. But there's hardly a trickle. There are lots of biographies fomenting lots of controversy, but little fiction and what there is seldom centers on Burton himself.
Bulgarian writer Troyanov, who grew up in Germany and Africa, and has traveled in many of the same places Burton did, sets out to remedy that lack. His big, vivid, thoughtful novel focuses on three periods in Burton's life: his early years as a young soldier in India; his famous pilgrimage to Mecca as an Indian Muslim on the sacred Hajj; and his first search for the Nile's source with partner John Speke.
The first and longest section introduces a young, eager, ignorant British officer to vibrant, teeming, mystical, squalid India. Burton spurns the cloistered existence of his fellow officers to immerse himself in the country. He explores the city's hidden byways and engages a teacher to learn the language and culture. But it's not enough.
"As long as he was a foreigner, he would learn almost nothing. There was only one solution; it appealed to him immediately. He would cast off his foreignness instead of waiting for it to be taken from him. He would act as if he were one of them."
Burton's third-person viewpoint alternates with his former head servant's narrative. Naukaram, as hidebound a Hindu as Burton's fellow officers are Victorian Imperialists, organized Burton's household, brought him a beguiling, eye-opening lover, and even followed him to England, only to be cast out without a proper reference after eight years' service.
"That is the trouble with these people," Burton fumes, sending Naukaram away. "They were incapable of assuming any personal responsibility." Burton may have soaked up India like a sponge, but he remains a Brit to the core.
This first section, with its two voices, its witty prose and rich atmosphere, transports you to the blowing sand, baking heat and vast ambition of India and young Burton. The second section sets you squarely back in your chair.
In this section the Muslim Turkish Caliphate investigates Burton's account of the Hajj he completed two years earlier, officials questioning witnesses and companions Burton mentioned in his book. Between these reports the narrative
slips back into the imagining of Burton's private moments - as a doctor examining a woman, under fire by bandits, in the midst of mob madness during a ritual stoning of the devil. Despite these disjointed periods of relief the interrogations grow tedious as well as paranoid and unreliable.
The final section returns to the shape of the first, with the strong, lively voice of a storyteller - a freed slave who accompanied the expedition as a guide - in counterpoint to the author's view of Burton's inner musings. Again the prose is rich with the atmosphere of the strange and exotic.
"He stands in the river, murky water up to his hips, and every time he puts his arm beneath the surface, he touches something slimy. It's not unpleasant, as a matter of fact, just unfamiliar. There's mud wherever they put their feet, a darkness they have to wade through, the queasiness rising in their throats, as it sucks at their legs. He stands in the water and wonders if they made a mistake when they were standing by what was at the time a broad, gently flowing river, debating where they should cross. Perhaps it would have been better back there: the water was deeper it's true, but at least they could see the other bank."
The trip is beset by such uncertainties and by unpredictable tribes, illness, accident, desertion and more. Speke and Burton, very different personalities, are barely civil by the end of the trip and neither trusts the other.
Troyanov's novel leaves Burton (jumping ahead to his deathbed, which frames the novel) an enigma, unknowable even - maybe especially - to himself, and no less fascinating for that. While examining this complex, adventurous man of his times, Troyanov touches on the issues of Empire, particularly the legacy of slavery and dominance, the shapes of the land and the gulf between cultures.
Troyanov's prose is as cerebral as it is visual. He brings the man to life yet leaves him a mystery and leaves the reader with a sense of wonder and enlightenment. This is a fine, stimulating, well-organized and beautifully written book, but the quintessential swashbuckling Burton novel still remains to be written.
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