Customer Reviews

Competitive Advantage of Nations

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Michael E. Porter is a Professor of Business Administration at Harvard Business School and a leading authority on competition and strategic management. Porter is the author of the legendary business and management books 'Competitive Strategy' (1980), and 'Competitive Advantage' (1985). I cannot start this review without a word of warning: This book is consists of 850 pages and is thus not a quick weekend-read.

In this book, the author aims to answer the question, "Why do some social groups, economic institutions, and nations advance and prosper? ... I titled the book 'The Competitive Advantage of Nations' to highlight the crucial distinction between my broader concept of competitive advantage as a source of wealth and the nation of comparative advantage which had long dominated thinking about international competition." In order to answer this question, Porter uses his traditional extensive research methods and tools to prove his point.

The book is split up in four parts: (i) foundations; (2) industries; (3) nations; and (4) implications. In Chapter 1 - The Need for a New Paradigm, the author discusses the reasons for his research: "The central question to be answered is why do firms based in particular nations achieve international success in distinct segments and industries? The search is for the decisive characteristics of a nation that allow its firms to create and sustain competitive advantage in particular fields, that is, the competitive advantage of nations."

In Part I - Foundations, the author presents the theoretical frameworks which form the basis for the rest of the book. In Chapters 2, 3 and 4 Porter revisits most of his previous work, such as the five competitive forces, generic strategies, the value chain, and the advantages "diamond". Porter makes an important notion before turning the second part of the book: "The theory can and must be applied at two levels, the industry and the nation."

In Part II - Industries, the frameworks of Part I are applied to explain the histories of four industries (German printing press, American patient monitoring equipment, Italian ceramic tiles, and Japanese robotics). In addition, Porter applies the frameworks to the service sector. This is a sector which Porter has discussed very little in his previous books. "... an increasingly important class of industries where international competition has not been widely studied."

In Part III - Nations, the frameworks of Part I are applied to ten nations. Porter splits these ten nations up in early post-war winners, emerging nations in the 1970s and 1980s, and the traditional business countries (Britain and USA). Thank God, the author discusses both successes and failures within the different countries, plus identifying the reasons behind them. He also advises which steps can be taken to improve national advantage.

In Part IV - Implications, Porter discusses the impact of the frameworks of Part I on company's strategies and government policies. In the final chapter Porter tries to answer the question, "What of the future?" According to Porter "the central economic concern of every nation should be the capacity of its economy to upgrade so that firms achieve more sophisticated competitive advantages and higher productivity. Only in this way can there be a rising standard of living and economic prosperity."

This book is an impressive piece of research and Porter gets assistance from over 30 research assistants from all around the world. The book is not a simple read due to the amount of information provided and the length of the book. For readers who have read Porter's previous masterpieces I would like to stress that this book is considerably different than his previous masterpieces. It focuses less on industries and companies themselves, but more on national, international, and governmental issues. This book shows the author's education and training (Harvard PhD in economics). Still, the book is an impressive piece of work, although not for the fainthearted.

Forty to fifty years ago economists and political theorists did much armwaving about what makes nations competitive. In the past 20 years tools like analysis of patents, R&D expenditures, the numbers of scientifically educated people, have provided more quantitative insight. To these tools Porter adds realistic analyses of top industries in various countries - from shoes and couture in Italy, to Silicon Valley in the U.S. He points out that the fastest growth comes when favorable factors are concentrated in centers where diverse groups - industrial, academic, sometimes government or traditional industries come together and have intense interactions. This book glitters with insights and ideas. The author is among the leading US analysists of economic performance, heading a study discipline at Harvard and working with the National Bureau of Economic Research

Most of Michael's premises are sound; however, reality can be somewhat different.

As a CEO of a global business training company, we never go into a country or business with preconceived information, and I don't think that is what Michael is trying to accomplish with this book. I have read the other reviews, but I think the negative reviews took this book too literal.

I think Michael is trying to convey a method business owners can use to establish a template for diagramming and understanding the competitive determinants of an unfamiliar nation and those businesses within that nation.

Having worked in 15 countries on 4 continents, I realize (as does Micheal) that some of his work would be highly controversial. It is what it is... a format to help us understand how to draw our own conclusions to understand how a nation and its businesses compete. Michael's work is valuable and useful. I have used his template successfully over and over.

If you are trying to understand what creates a sustainable competitive advantage of any nation's businesses, you will find the template for developing your own ideas here.

To fully understand the reality of international life and business...you have to live it.If you are looking for a place to start...you've found it.

A very good book by an interesting management consultant. I would enjoy the opportunity to discuss some of his ideas with him. He sounds like an interesting and intelligent guy.

As an active Business Consultant I'm often appalled at the lack of disregard for the importance of strategy. It's a matter of life and death (at least for your company).

"Vision without action is a daydream. Action without vision is a nightmare." - Japanese proverb

Why read a book on strategy? Quite simply, to be successful. Technology and globalization culminated in ferocious competition for virtually all industries. To be competitive in today's world, you must understand that all value is derived from the customer. Therefore, you will do well to delve deep into how to create value for the customer.

Competition is becoming increasingly global. Therefore, it is in your best interest to understand how national, international, and governmental issues affect your industry and hence, your company.

Third in Porter's landmark trilogy, Competitive Advantage of Nations, somewhat different from his first two books, focuses less on industries and companies themselves, and more on how a firm actually gains an advantage over its rivals.

Competitive Advantage of Nations consists of four parts:

Part I - Foundations, presents the theoretical frameworks which form the basis for the rest of the book. In Chapters 2, 3 and 4 Porter revisits most of his previous work, such as the five competitive forces, generic strategies, the value chain, and the advantages "diamond".

Part II - Industries, frameworks of Part I are applied to explain the histories of four industries (German printing press, American patient monitoring equipment, Italian ceramic tiles, and Japanese robotics). In addition, Porter applies the frameworks to the service sector.

Part III - Nations, frameworks of Part I are applied to ten nations. Porter splits these ten nations up in early post-war winners, emerging nations in the 1970s and 1980s, and the traditional business countries (Britain and USA).

Part IV - Implications, Porter discusses the impact of the frameworks of Part I on company's strategies and government policies. In the final chapter Porter tries to answer the question, "What of the future?" According to Porter "the central economic concern of every nation should be the capacity of its economy to upgrade so that firms achieve more sophisticated competitive advantages and higher productivity. Only in this way can there be a rising standard of living and economic prosperity."


In summary, Competitive Advantage is a must read for any Aspiring Entrepreneur. To lead your company into the future you must create and capture value. Reading this book will help you better understand how firms within industries gain a competitive advantage. Don't be blindsided by the comfort of the moment, prepare for the future now.

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Michael Davis, President - Brencom Strategic Business Consulting

Recently pick up the book by lecturer recommendation, although its dry & boring with huge massive information but open up my mind and keep question the assumption in today market.

maybe the book could have been shorter than 855 pages, but the truth is that some decision makers and other purchasers needed to see the weightiness of the book to believe in the heftiness of it's lessons; and there are many: 1. competition is a force for useful change, 2. that productivity is competitiveness, and 3. that productive upgrading of an economy is complex and systemic. Porter is the best of all the management gurus because he has never preached easy ways out and a reductionist style of thinking. I wish that there was a way to make leaders read and absorb the entire heft of the book's messages.

Porters classic, a must have for every Business & Economics student. I can only recommend this book!

I once read an article by Michael Porter called "Strategy and the Internet". In it the author argues against mainstream ideas such as "the internet will change everything in businesses". I did not necessarily agree with the author, but its good to read something critical of popular ideas once in a while. This is why I bought this book, and the author did not dissapoint. Michael Porter challenges alot of "facts" in this book and does a good job. The book is very rich with information and is easy to read. The author picks countries from both the rich world and the developing world. My only problem is that he didnt chose China or India. I think if he was writting the book now he would have definately chosen both of them, but even so, they would have been a goodchoice 30 years ago, I think. Its very challenging to write about "the rise and fall" of economic advantage as a general theory, but the author did an excellent job. I would recommend this book to anyone interested in economics or business, but I dont think socialists will like what they read. The author clearly states that there is a role for the government to play, but not the sort of role communists have in mind. Infact he strongly argues that any interference the wrong way would destroy a nations advantage.

One of my favorites titles. I started my experience about Porter's Competitiveness by this book.

"The Competitive Advantage of Nations" gives insights into why and how industries, regions, nations or some social groups thrive or fall short. The book explains and presents the theory on the sources of sustained prosperity in the contemporary worldwide economy. This seminal work has assisted countries to develop national policy based on their international competitiveness.

Porter methodically and systematically discusses why some nations achieve continual economic prosperity. He explains the roles of governments and companies in economic development. The author shows the distinction between competitive advantage as a source of wealth and the concept of comparative advantage which had been until recent years the paradigm on thinking about international competition.

Porter based his research in 10 leading trading nations. The book introduced the author's "diamond" which is a new way of looking and comprehending the competitive advantage of a nation. His concept of "clusters" or groups of interconnected firms, suppliers, related industries and institutions in certain locations opened a unique way for organizations and governments to look at economies and assess the competitive advantage of locations and set public policy.

This weighty tome is recommended reading for entrepreneurs, business executives, policy makers, economists and other readers who are interested in ensuring that companies can successfully face the future based on pragmatic assessment of how the firm can gain competitive advantage.