DOE is not pursuing any long-term hydrogen pathway (on a well-to-wheels basis) that emits more greenhouse gas (GHG) or criteria emissions than advanced gasoline hybrid-electric vehicles. NAS Conclusion: "A transition to hydrogen as a major fuel in the next 50 years could fundamentally transform the U.S. energy system, creating opportunities to increase energy security through the use of a variety of domestic energy sources for hydrogen production while reducing environmental impacts, including atmospheric CO2 emissions and criteria pollutants." DOE’s strategy is to produce hydrogen directly by coal gasification (and not use electricity as an intermediate). Since the DOE strategy includes coal with sequestration (never without), GHG emissions are virtually zero. Coal-based H2 fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) use much less energy than conventional gasoline vehicles and about the same energy per mile as gasoline hybrid-electric vehicles. Electrolysis is being pursued for renewable (wind) and nuclear options. These pathways result in virtually zero GHG emissions and criteria pollutants. Distributed electrolysis could be used as a transitional strategy but the added GHG would be small (1%) during the initial market penetration phase (<2 million new vehicle sales/yr). Hydrogen via PV electrolysis is not a current DOE strategy, because of high electricity cost. Solar routes to hydrogen (not commercially viable now but research is ongoing) include photoelectochemical, photobiological, and thermochemical. Other renewable approaches involve the use of biomass or bio-based fuels. hydrogen infrastructure to move hydrogen from the power plant (future use requires more study). DOE is not pursuing lon
Book Description
This up-to-date and comprehensive electronic book on three CD-ROMs presents an incredible and totally revised collection of important documents, reports, and publications from the federal government about research and promotion of hydrogen energy and fuel cell technology, including the plans for a fuel cell car. Hydrogen and fuel cells have the potential to solve several major challenges facing America today: dependence on petroleum imports, poor air quality, and greenhouse gas emissions. The Department of Energy is working with partners to accelerate the development and successful market introduction of these technologies. Hydrogen is a clean and sustainable form of energy that can be used in mobile and stationary applications. Fuel cells harness the chemical energy of hydrogen to generate electricity without combustion or pollution. Codes and standards ensure the safe use of hydrogen and fuel cells. The vision of a new energy economy based on clean, renewable hydrogen is described in the National Hydrogen Energy Vision document. The National Hydrogen Energy Roadmap and Fuel Cell Report to Congress outline the challenges we face and suggest a path forward to achieve the promise of hydrogen and fuel cells. The first steps toward the hydrogen future are already underway. President George W. Bush announced a $1.2 billion FreedomCAR and Fuel Initiative to reverse America's growing dependence on foreign oil by developing the technology needed for commercially viable hydrogen-powered fuel cells - a way to power cars, trucks, homes and businesses that produces no pollution and no greenhouse gases. America's astronauts have used fuel cells to generate electricity since the 1960s, but more work is needed to make them cost-effective for use in cars, trucks, homes or businesses. Using current technologies, it is too expensive to produce, store, transport and distribute hydrogen fuel, or to build fuel cell engines. Additional research and development is needed to spur rapid commercialization of these technologies so they can provide clean, domestically produced energy for transportation and other uses. Contents include a vast collection of scientific and research reports from ongoing government-sponsored projects, along with background material and much more.
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This CD-ROM set is packed with over 63,000 pages reproduced using Adobe Acrobat PDF software - allowing direct viewing on Windows and Macintosh systems. The Acrobat cataloging technology adds enormous value and uncommon functionality to this impressive collection of government documents and material.
Our news and educational discs are privately compiled collections of official public domain U.S. government files and documents - they are not produced by the federal government. They are designed to provide a convenient user-friendly reference work, utilizing the benefits of the Adobe Acrobat format to uniformly present thousands of pages that can be rapidly reviewed, searched by finding specific words, or printed without untold hours of tedious research and downloading. Vast archives of important public domain government information that might otherwise remain inaccessible are available for instant review no matter where you are. This book-on-a-disc format makes a great reference work and educational tool. There is no other reference that is as fast, convenient, comprehensive, thoroughly researched, and portable - everything you need to know, from the federal sources you trust.
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