The diversity of stellar death is revealed in the energy, velocity and geometry of the explosion debris ("ejecta''). Using multi-wavelength observations of gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows I show that GRBs, arising from the death of massive stars, are marked by relativistic, collimated ejecta ("jets'') with a wide range of opening angles. These results suggest that various cosmic explosions are powered by a common energy source, an "engine'' (possibly an accreting stellar-mass black hole), with their diverse appearances determined solely by the variable high velocity output. On the other hand, using radio observations I show that local type Ibc core-collapse supernovae generally lack relativistic ejecta and are therefore not powered by engines. Instead, the highest velocity debris in these sources, typically with a velocity lower than 100,000 km/sec, are produced in the (effectively) spherical ejection of the stellar envelope. The relative rates of engine- and collapse-powered explosions suggest that the former account for only a small fraction of the stellar death rate. Using the first radio and submillimeter observations of GRB hosts, I show that some are extreme starburst galaxies with the bursts directly associated with the regions of most intense star formation. I suggest, by comparison to other well-studied samples, that GRBs preferentially occur in sub-luminous, low mass galaxies, undergoing the early stages of a starburst process. If confirmed with future observations, this trend will place GRBs in the forefront of star formation and galaxy evolution studies.
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Gamma-ray bursts are short, intense and non-thermal bursts of photons with MeV energies, which outshine the entire -ray sky (Klebesadel et al. 1973). Read the first page Key Phrases - Statistically Improbable Phrases (SIPs): (learn more)
circumburst medium, mildly relativistic ejecta, true energy release, kinetic energy inferred, circumburst density, standard energy yield, submillimeter surveys, afterglow emission, radio light curves, afterglow data, submillimeter flux, submillimeter observations, obscured star formation, jet opening angles, same redshift range, submillimeter emission, high velocity ejecta, jet interpretation, fast ejecta, radio afterglows, star formation studies, optical afterglow, cooling frequency, afterglow light curves, collapsar model Key Phrases - Capitalized Phrases (CAPs): (learn more)
Radio Astronomy Observatory, California Institute of Technology, Very Large Array, National Science Foundation, Associated Universities, Hubble Space Telescope, The Astrophysical Journal, Hubble Deep Field, Astronomical Image Processing System, Epoch Flux, Madingley Road, Rest Frequency, Space Sciences Laboratory New!
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Gamma-ray bursts are short, intense and non-thermal bursts of photons with MeV energies, which outshine the entire -ray sky (Klebesadel et al. 1973). Read the first page Key Phrases - Statistically Improbable Phrases (SIPs): (learn more)
circumburst medium, mildly relativistic ejecta, true energy release, kinetic energy inferred, circumburst density, standard energy yield, submillimeter surveys, afterglow emission, radio light curves, afterglow data, submillimeter flux, submillimeter observations, obscured star formation, jet opening angles, same redshift range, submillimeter emission, high velocity ejecta, jet interpretation, fast ejecta, radio afterglows, star formation studies, optical afterglow, cooling frequency, afterglow light curves, collapsar model Key Phrases - Capitalized Phrases (CAPs): (learn more)
Radio Astronomy Observatory, California Institute of Technology, Very Large Array, National Science Foundation, Associated Universities, Hubble Space Telescope, The Astrophysical Journal, Hubble Deep Field, Astronomical Image Processing System, Epoch Flux, Madingley Road, Rest Frequency, Space Sciences Laboratory New!
Books on Related Topics | Concordance | Text Stats Browse Sample Pages:
Front Cover | Table of Contents | First Pages | Surprise Me!
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