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Decade of Betrayal: Mexican Repatriation in the 1930s [Paperback]

Francisco E. Balderrama , Raymond Rodríguez
3.9 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (11 customer reviews)

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Book Description

May 31, 2006

During the Great Depression, a sense of total despair plagued the United States. Americans sought a convenient scapegoat and found it in the Mexican community. Laws forbidding employment of Mexicans were accompanied by the hue and cry to "get rid of the Mexicans!" The hysteria led pandemic repatriation drives and one million Mexicans and their children were illegally shipped to Mexico.

Despite their horrific treatment and traumatic experiences, the American born children never gave up hope of returning to the United States. Upon attaining legal age, they badgered their parents to let them return home. Repatriation survivors who came back worked diligently to get their lives back together. Due to their sense of shame, few of them ever told their children about their tragic ordeal.

Decade of Betrayal recounts the injustice and suffering endured by the Mexican community during the 1930s. It focuses on the experiences of individuals forced to undergo the tragic ordeal of betrayal, deprivation, and adjustment. This revised edition also addresses the inclusion of the event in the educational curriculum, the issuance of a formal apology, and the question of fiscal remuneration.


"Francisco Balderrama and Raymond Rodríguez, the authors of Decade of Betrayal, the first expansive study of Mexican repatriation with perspectives from both sides of the border, claim that 1 million people of Mexican descent were driven from the United States during the 1930s due to raids, scare tactics, deportation, repatriation and public pressure. Of that conservative estimate, approximately 60 percent of those leaving were legal American citizens. Mexicans comprised nearly half of all those deported during the decade, although they made up less than 1 percent of the country's population. 'Americans, reeling from the economic disorientation of the depression, sought a convenient scapegoat,' Balderrama and Rodríguez wrote. 'They found it in the Mexican community.'"--American History


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Editorial Reviews

From Booklist

Balderrama and Rodriguez couldn't have penned a more timely book on Mexican Americans. As this century speeds to a close, history, as they say, seems to repeat itself. Today's Proposition 186 legislation in California is a carbon copy of xenophobic laws that were howled for and passed earlier this century in this country. Covering the 1930s, Decade of Betrayal details the shameful treatment that people of Mexican heritage were handed when the going got tough in the U.S. The Bill of Rights was out the window when it came to people of brown skin, who had to endure unlawful search and seizure and systematic roundups, such as the infamous La Placita raid, in which the INS, in conjunction with state and local police, surrounded a public park on a weekend day demanding proof of citizenship from those who didn't look "American" and arresting those who couldn't immediately show proof. U.S. citizenship did not provide protection from harassment by the government; legislators in Washington strongly debated and seriously considered the wholesale deportation of all "non-Americans," that is, nonwhites, from U.S. shores. This is an important historical accounting, "social history rather than historical sociology" as the authors state. Every active history and political science collection should add this title. Raul Nino --This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title.

From the Inside Flap

Decade of Betrayal focuses on the experiences of individuals illegally shipped from the U.S. to Mexico in the 1930s and the recent questions of a formal apology and fiscal remuneration.

Product Details

  • Paperback: 376 pages
  • Publisher: University of New Mexico Press; Revised edition (May 31, 2006)
  • Language: English
  • ISBN-10: 0826339735
  • ISBN-13: 978-0826339737
  • Product Dimensions: 6.1 x 1.1 x 9.1 inches
  • Shipping Weight: 1.4 pounds (View shipping rates and policies)
  • Average Customer Review: 3.9 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (11 customer reviews)
  • Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #802,701 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

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Customer Reviews

Most Helpful Customer Reviews
18 of 21 people found the following review helpful
4.0 out of 5 stars Read before you review, please June 17, 2005
Format:Hardcover
I am wondering whether a few of the other reviewers have actually read Balderrama's book. I haven't finished it yet, but even I have figured out that Balderrama and Rodriguez are writing about how not only Mexican nationals were 'repatriated,' but also US-born, US citizens who happened to be of Mexican ancestry (and most likely not pale-skinned enough).

One of the principal questions the authors pose is: what is the relationship between legal citizenship and cultural citizenship? In other words, if even citizens get deported, many to a country they have never even seen, because of their imputed race, what does citizenship even mean? This question is very relevant today given the current scrutiny by ICE of immigrants, legal or not, and by all of DHS of citizens, especially those who fit certain suspect profiles.

The most interesting part of the book for me so far is the authors' in-depth look at Mexican families in the US in this period. In particular, their portrait of how families of Mexican descent were stereotyped and misunderstood by both the US and Mexican governments, and how as a result immigration and welfare policies were poorly formulated. It's worth thinking about how government policy can work (directly or indirectly) to either strengthen or break up families--and how many Mexican/American families (by this I mean families comprising people with Mexican and US citizenship) managed to stay together despite the economic and political struggles they faced.
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4 of 6 people found the following review helpful
Format:Paperback|Amazon Verified Purchase
Well, I have read the book, and I think that it is a little 'much'. Aside from the issues, which I'm not going to argue here, Balderrama and Rodriguez did themselves a serious disservice by injecting an injured tone. They obviously wrote this book from a biased and personally wounded standpoint. There are times when I closed the book because the victimization was so thick. They make excuses for the impropriety of Mexicans in the most ostentatious manner. First by acknowledging the error, then by giving excuse for it or sometimes heralding it. Here are some examples:

(re: Mexican nationalist newspapers sensationalizing the events of the repatriation) "The negative conditions encountered by compatriots who had migrated north was a favorite, ongoing feature in Mexican newspapers. For the nationalist-oriented press, repatriation became a major chapter in the continuing saga of tension and discord between the United States and Mexico. Incidents, no matter how trivial, were described and analyzed in detail. Mexico's leading newspapers ran sensationalized stories on a regular basis...There was never a lack of tragic stories to report as the caravans of sorrow headed south...Some historians have severely criticized the Mexican press for its lack of objectivity in chronicling and reporting the repatriation crisis. Much of the criticism centers specifically on allegations that they did not always distinguish between fact, fiction, and rumor. While there are legitimate grounds for this charge, Mexican press coverage must be assessed and understood in its role as the voice of revolutionary nationalism and the constraints under which it operated....Woe to any newspaper that became overly critical of national policies. "yankee bashing" provided an acceptable way for the press to vent its spleen or displeasure. Criticism notwithstanding, the press performed an invaluable service in keeping the repatriation issue in the public's eye and consciousness."

OK. So, you see the style. If Mexican newspapers did not distinguish between fact, fiction and rumor, then they need to be held accountable. And no amount of hurt feelings changes the poor ethics and bad journalism, no matter what country, no matter the political climate, and there is no excuse for it. If you say that the Mexican newspapers print erroneous information, then it invariably contributed to the negative sentiments about the United States, making it difficult to discern what really happened during the repatriation. When B&R excuse the lack of ethics in their book, they ruin their own credibility. You can't distort the rules of propriety to suit you and your cause. It does not make for a very interesting read. The victimization is so thick in this book at times that I put it down thinking that the Mexican race as a whole, according to B&R are an angelic one whose very wrongdoing is to be blamed on everyone else but the person who committed the wrongdoing. Bad behavior, Mexican, Cambodian or Swiss is bad behavior.

Here are more examples of the B&R tone:

'Apparently, no matter how inane the charges were, it was "open season" on the Mexican family.'

'The raids were sometimes conducted by unscrupulous employers.'

'Mexicans were often accorded rude treatment.'

'There seemed to be an inner undefined desire to savor however briefly, the moment of their fleeting childhood. They (children) made up games with the rows of beets...they chased rabbits or caught butterflies. They still made an attempt to enjoy their stunted youth.'

'Homemade wine and beer enjoyed a ready market as men sought to drown or momentarily forget their sorrows.'

(After Senor Reyna struck a parked police car where the police subsequently arrested him calling him 'you dirty Mexican' and 'you filthy Mexican): 'While being escorted to the police station by three officers, Reyna managed to disarm one of the detectives. he then shot and killed on officer and wounded another before being subdued. During his trial, Rayna expressed no regret or remorse for his action. Rather, he declared that he wished he had killed all three officers for having called him a "dirty and filthy Mexican". And the subsequent text goes on to tell how his actions were heralded by Mexicans. Closing with this B&R exaggeration: 'it was similar to incidents that could be recounted by nearly every Mexican in the United States.'

I don't know about you, but as a writer, I don't think I could make a bold claim like that (the last line of the paragraph above). How could I possibly know if similar incidents could be recounted by every Mexican in the United States? It's bad reporting. This is a non-fiction work, it needs to be accurate, and not wrought with personal sentiment and inflated opinions to sway the reader. I don't care to hear about the writer's opinion on the subject, I just want to hear the facts. I also just read 'Changing Women' (A History of Racial Ethnic Women in Modern America) by Karen Anderson, and her facts were clearly stated without the righteous tone. If women were to do the housework, it was stated unbiasedly, without descriptives that are often not far from ones sounding like this, 'the poor hunched back madre worked her fingers raw.'

It's not a horrible book, but when you read it, just know that you are going to have to contend with personal sentiment and sensationalized reality. In my opinion, B&R follow the examples of the sensational Mexican nationalist way of news reporting. Perhaps that style of telling the facts is cultural.

p.s., I'm black, so I don't need to make excuses for 'anglos'. I bought this book to learn about the facts, and there are plenty of facts, I could have just done without the opinions of the writers.

Peace!
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4.0 out of 5 stars Repatriation of Mexicans March 26, 2013
Format:Paperback|Amazon Verified Purchase
It is sad to learn what the Unites States has done to oppressed people. And what is more disturbing, is that it still happens today.
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Most Recent Customer Reviews
3.0 out of 5 stars Interesting.
I really enjoyed this book, although, I feel the title is a little too hyped up. This book goes into a part of American history that many of us do not like to relive!
Published 6 months ago by Simply Aaronni
5.0 out of 5 stars An Immigation Shocker!
Change a few dates from the 1930s to the first decade of the 21st century and it looks like we're headed that way again. Read more
Published on July 9, 2010 by Jesse S. Roa
2.0 out of 5 stars Tenditious and Without Perspective
The deportations of the 1930s need to be put into historical perspective and not just labeled as another incident of how bad America is to Mexicans. Read more
Published on February 1, 2004 by Christopher J Wiley
5.0 out of 5 stars A Great Addition to Mexican-American History
Dr. Balderrama is a great historian. His research into the Mexican repatriation is told magnificently. I also happen to be one of his former students at CSULA. Read more
Published on November 14, 2003
5.0 out of 5 stars ERacism
I read the review by Michael Sturdevant and think he is probably a racists. I have took classes with Dr. Balderrama and can tell you he is a excellent teacher. Read more
Published on September 16, 2003
4.0 out of 5 stars Interesting Book
This is an interesting part of American History. We should never forget the past, so that we may not repeat these awful racist misdeeds. Go figure? Read more
Published on July 17, 2003 by Jack Smith
4.0 out of 5 stars Problems
The book Decade of Betrayal by Francisco Balderrama was an interesting and compelling book. I strongly disagree with the two reviews i read, especially Michael Sturdevant's review,... Read more
Published on June 8, 2002 by "yamadocherry"
4.0 out of 5 stars Decade of Betrayal
The author spends several chapters detailing the Mexican reparations during the 20's and 30's. His main argument is that the reparations did not save the US money or jobs, but... Read more
Published on February 25, 2002
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