This is a comprehensive analysis of the Medicare program's long-term fiscal challenges. The authors render with clarity and precision just how and why the economic burden of financing the health care of America's senior citizens will mushroom in the decades ahead. They also address the consequences for future generations of taxpayers and beneficiaries of the various generic remedies--bitter medicine all--available to federal policy makers. This book will have a significant, sobering, and positive impact on the Medicare reform debate, and it will certainly be read carefully by policymakers and researchers around the country involved in Medicare reform.
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5.0 out of 5 stars
A desperately needed, scholarly and practical analysis,
By Midwest Book Review (Oregon, WI USA) - See all my reviews
This review is from: The Diagnosis and Treatment of Medicare (Aei Studies on Medicare Reform) (Paperback)
Written by Andrew J. Rettenmaier (executive director of the Private Enterprise Research Center, Texas A&M University) and Thomas R. Saving (professor of economics, Texas A&M University), The Diagnosis & Treatment of Medicare is a timely scrutiny of the woes of Medicare, which has seen its expenses balloon from, $200 billion to, $450 billion over the past decade. As the Baby Boom generation approaches 65, Medicare's demands on the Federal Reserve climb, and threaten to overshadow other policy priorities. The Diagnosis & Treatment of Medicare is more than a catalogue of Medicare's woes; it proposes workable solutions, and offers meticulous ratings and scorings of different reform ideas from controlling first-dollar coverage to means-tested Medicare and more. Of especial interest is the idea of making a transition to prepaid retirement health insurance and how such a move can be accomplished. A desperately needed, scholarly and practical analysis of a looming governmental problem in dire need of solutions
5.0 out of 5 stars
We need to take this problem seriously now and not leave it for the future to solve,
By
This review is from: The Diagnosis and Treatment of Medicare (Aei Studies on Medicare Reform) (Paperback)
When you hear any statement prefaced by one of these three phrases you can be almost certain that something stupid is about to be said: "If we can put a man on the moon", or "We need a new Manhattan Project to", or, the most expensive of all stupidities, "We are the richest nation on earth (or richest in history) surely we can afford to". The claim is that if we have accomplished seemingly impossible things then all things must surely be possible. While this may be true on science fiction shows or in political speeches, it is sadly untrue in reality. For example, the moonshot and the atomic bomb were more or less engineering problems. The science was defined enough to understand what needed to be done. Yes, many new things had to be created, but they were new applications of known principles. Look at how little has come from the billions spent purusing fusion. And while the war on cancer has led to better and more efficacious treatment, the early hubris has been exposed and many millions continue to suffer with all kinds of cancer.The last claim, that the richest country can afford anything, is ridiculous on its face. Obviously, the richest country can be laid waste or we would still have Rome or the British Empire, or the Mongol Empire. Things can go wrong in a hurry when the adults stop running things and we pass off serious responsibilities to the irresponsible. This is what we are facing with Social Security and even more with Medicare. This excellent book provides a clear picture of what we are facing as a nation in meeting our present and unfounded commitments for these programs as the baby boomers retire and beyond. They simply cannot continue as they are and as the wonderful economist Herb Stein noted, "If something cannot continue it will stop." Rettenmaier and Saving help us see the reality of the problems Medicare is facing over the coming decades. If you respond by saying, "Oh, well, I will be dead long before the crisis hits." Or, "I will be out of office before the crisis hits." Or, "This is a publication from the American Enterprise Institute so it is just a bunch of Republican lies." If you think anything even like these statements, you are not being serious. We all must get serious about this coming crisis. Our choices will be to raise taxes to an absurd level to keep the current intergenerational funding going, use up an absurd amount of the "discretionary" funds of the federal trough, or to cut back on benefits (which, of course, can not actually happen outside of a financial collapse of our nation). The authors take us through several proposed changes in the way Medicare is funded. First, they look at what happens if the elderly are made to pay the shortfalls, then they examine four proposed reforms: the Medicare Commission proposed reform, Fixing Technology At Retirement, Controlling First Dollar Coverage, and Means Tested Medicare. They then propose something they think will work. Their system is based on a closed cohort system. That is, we group by age brackets and than have that cohort pre-pay their retirement expenses while they are working and use those funds and the accumulated interest to pay for the health care of that cohort. This is not individual retirement or health account; it is a large group of people and therefore acts as "insurance" in the present sense (later in the book the authors rightly point out why old age isn't insurable and why Medicare cannot be considered insurance). They even address the issue of immigration and decide that each cohort must basically cover the shortfall caused by immigrants joining the cohort and not paying for their entire working life. That would be fine except that they admit that legal immigration adds about 21% of the people to each cohort! True, most will pay some and some will pay almost all, but still, it mandates that we control immigration in a serious way. Another problem I have with their plan is the investment portion. They suggest government bonds. I seriously wonder if this can work. Why? Because Congress already uses the Social Security "surplus" to fund current overspending to mask the deficit. Will they honestly be able to avoid using this ocean of money for new spending? Note how the tiny bit of budget surplus led to a demand for a hugely expensive prescription drug benefit. And if the money is actually spent then it will still have to be paid by taxing the then current generation even more to pay for the benefits, the new spending, AND the interest accumulated. I also wonder about their proposed technology fixing idea. That is, the funding is calculated knowing the costs of the medical technology at the time you retire. So, if there were later more costly medical care available, it would not be paid for by Medicare. Right. That will work politically. The first Grammy that dies because she didn't have access to a lifesaving technology because she and her family couldn't pay the difference between what Medicare would pay and the cost of the lifesaving treatment will end that! Their discussion of banning the Medigap insurance that covers first dollar medical expenditures and the extra demand and use of the medical system this generates I found fascinating. Almost everyone agrees that we could indeed spend less on medical care and get similar outcomes. If people had to actually pay smaller amounts as they use medical care it would indeed curb a large portion of the overuse of the system. I favor this proposal most of all. Still, the authors do admit, and this is important, that simply because the costs to the government program will go down, whatever the proposal, it does include a certain amount of cost shifting to the user. This has to be taken into consideration. It makes no sense to have a government program that shifts so much of the burden to the users that it makes it impossible for them to benefit from the benefit. Another serious Medicare issue is its underpayment for the services it uses. At present, a great deal of subsidy for the Medicare program comes from the private insurance companies and from those uninsured who actually pay for the medical care as they use it (a small portion of the population). This is not addressed in the book, but I think it should have been (or maybe I missed it). Medicare is a huge rock rolling down the hill aimed at the heart of our nation's economy. Some serious people have to wake up and address this. Not only authors or academics, but also everyday people have to demand that their politicians take it seriously. We can't allow AARP to dominate the discussion with misinformation or hope that some new pixie dust will come along to save us. We have to do it ourselves. Reading this book and debating what the authors have offered us is a great place to start.
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