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Dirt for Art's Sake: Books on Trial from Madame Bovary to Lolita
 
 
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Dirt for Art's Sake: Books on Trial from Madame Bovary to Lolita [Paperback]

Elisabeth Ladenson (Author)
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Book Description

0801474108 978-0801474101 September 2007
In Dirt for Art's Sake, Elisabeth Ladenson recounts the most visible of modern obscenity trials involving scandalous books and their authors. What, she asks, do these often-colorful legal histories have to tell us about the works themselves and about a changing cultural climate that first treated them as filth and later celebrated them as masterpieces? Ladenson's narrative starts with Madame Bovary (Flaubert was tried in France in 1857) and finishes with Fanny Hill (written in the eighteenth century, put on trial in the United States in 1966); she considers, along the way, Les Fleurs du Mal, Ulysses, The Well of Loneliness, Lady Chatterley's Lover, Tropic of Cancer, Lolita, and the works of the Marquis de Sade.

Over the course of roughly a century, Ladenson finds, two ideas that had been circulating in the form of avant-garde heresy gradually became accepted as truisms, and eventually as grounds for legal defense. The first is captured in the formula "art for art's sake"--the notion that a work of art exists in a realm independent of conventional morality. The second is realism, vilified by its critics as "dirt for dirt's sake." In Ladenson's view, the truth of the matter is closer to "dirt for art's sake"--the idea that the work of art may legitimately include the representation of all aspects of life, including the unpleasant and the sordid.

Ladenson also considers cinematic adaptations of these novels, among them Vincente Minnelli's Madame Bovary, Stanley Kubrick's Lolita and the 1997 remake directed by Adrian Lyne, and various attempts to translate de Sade's works and life into film, which faced similar censorship travails. Written with a keen awareness of ongoing debates about free speech, Dirt for Art's Sake traces the legal and social acceptance of controversial works with critical acumen and delightful wit.


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Editorial Reviews

From Publishers Weekly

Starred Review. A professor of French and comparative literature, Ladenson (Proust's Lesbianism) sets out to answer the question, "How does an 'obscene' book become a 'classic?' " with this spry but exhaustive look at the history and culture surrounding the modern world's most controversial literature. Ladenson touches on numerous "dirty" books, using a handful of landmark titles as jumping-off points for a wide-ranging survey: Madame Bovary, Les Fleurs du Mal, The Well of Loneliness, Ulysses, Lady Chatterley's Lover, Tropic of Cancer and Lolita. Using court records, novelists' letters, newspaper reviews and other books on the subject, Ladenson constructs a vivid composite of society's shifting relationship with such polarizing subjects as adultery, homosexuality and pedophilia-including the suppression thereof as well as the appetite therefor. Tracing the evolution of "obscenity" from the 1850s to the late 20th century, Ladenson outlines the debates over "art for art's sake," as well as the province of realism, illustrating the rocky process of acceptance for the twin concepts and the literature they provoked. Witty, well-written and relevant, including fascinating details from the lives of writers, court cases as recent as the 1960s and as far-flung as Japan, and attempts to reinvent controversial works for contemporary audiences (such as two film versions of Lolita), this highly readable study should make scholars and book junkies as happy as pigs in lit.
Copyright © Reed Business Information, a division of Reed Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. --This text refers to the Hardcover edition.

From the Back Cover

"With far-ranging erudition, a keen eye for analysis, and a great sense of humor, Elisabeth Ladenson looks at the real reasons behind the censorship of masterpieces like Madame Bovary and important but lousy books like The Well of Loneliness. She pinpoints many of the moralistic arguments that are once again rearing their ugly heads in this age of spying and 'Christian' militancy. The censorship of movies was already a recapitulation of the principles that had been applied to literature a century earlier. This book is so entertaining it made me laugh out loud at least once at some expertly skewered absurdity during every chapter."--Edmund White

"This witty, exhilarating romp through a century and a half of literary culture offers many pleasures and discoveries. It contributes an important chapter to the study of modernism, it allows us to compare the different sensibilities of France, Britain, and the United States, and it deepens the ironies of literary history. Best of all, Elisabeth Ladenson provides a trenchant critique of both the absurdity of censorship and the absurdity of imagining that we will ever do away with censorship. Instead, she demonstrates-to the discomfort of hypocritical readers everywhere-how perennial, renewable, and irresistible is the impulse to ban someone else's speech."--David Halperin, W. H. Auden Collegiate Professor, University of Michigan, author of Saint Foucault

"Dirt for Art's Sake is a brilliant combination of literary sleuthing, cultural history, and just plain great storytelling. Why is it that the literary masterworks of the last two centuries have been prosecuted for obscenity-and that we continue to consider some words, images, and ideas to be subversive? Ranging through literature, film, history, and law, Elisabeth Ladenson's magnificent book suggests some answers. Witty, ironic, beautifully written, and massively entertaining, Dirt for Art's Sake easily straddles the worlds of literary page-turner and first-rate scholarship. All lovers of good writing should bow down before Ladenson."--Marjorie Heins, Free Expression Policy Project, Brennan Center for Justice

"I agreed to blurb this book intending to skim a few pages in the normal manner of blurbists and then opine favorably in blurbese. What I did not bargain for is that I would not be able to put the book down, to my great enjoyment and edification. The book is totally engaging, a great read, delightfully unpretentious, and loaded with insight. Treat yourself."--William Ian Miller, University of Michigan, author of Faking It

"This book is an intellectual tour de force that combines scholarly erudition with wit, analytical insight, and brilliant writing. Focusing specifically on the question of how works once banned as 'obscene' become classics, Elisabeth Ladenson engages the problems of the relationship between aesthetic value and moral content, high versus low culture, the obscenity of ideas versus the obscenity of language, and obscenity as a problem of accessibility. She demonstrates with care and precision the important historical shifts in obscenity law in France, England, and the U.S. as a story about the shifting importance of literature itself. An original and provocative book."--Lynne Huffer, Emory University, author of Maternal Pasts, Feminist Futures: Nostalgia and the Question of Difference

"Elisabeth Ladenson writes with clarity, verve, and considerable wit. Dirt for Art's Sake explores changes in attitudes that not only reflect on social transformations but also raise questions about the changing role of literature. Comparisons with cases against movies add to the dimensions of this book and strengthen Ladenson's conclusions."--Rosemary Lloyd, author of Shimmering in a Transformed Light: Writing the Still Life

"What could 'dirt for art's sake' mean? And where? And when? What could you do with what it meant? Elisabeth Ladenson takes us on a lively journey through books, newspapers, and movies, through courtrooms, the halls of publishing, and film studios, making us pause to wonder at all the ways dirt (whatever and wherever it is) gives meaning to art-and to us."--Michael Lucey, University of California, Berkeley, author of Never Say I: Sexuality and the First Person in Colette, Gide, and Proust


Product Details

  • Paperback: 272 pages
  • Publisher: Cornell University Press (September 2007)
  • Language: English
  • ISBN-10: 0801474108
  • ISBN-13: 978-0801474101
  • Product Dimensions: 9.1 x 6.1 x 0.9 inches
  • Shipping Weight: 15.2 ounces (View shipping rates and policies)
  • Average Customer Review: 5.0 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (1 customer review)
  • Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #246,958 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

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5 of 6 people found the following review helpful:
5.0 out of 5 stars Absurd Attempts to Clean Up Literature, February 21, 2007
1857 was an important year for literature, and for sex. It was either an _annus mirabilis_ or _annus horribilis_, depending on your point of view. _Horribilis_, says Elisabeth Ladenson in _Dirt for Art's Sake: Books on Trial from Madame Bovary to Lolita_ (Cornell University Press). It was the year in which _Madame Bovary_ was published and then prosecuted, as well as Baudelaire's _Les Fleurs du Mal_. The year also saw the Obscene Publications Act in England. That prosecutors were able to harass the authors and publishers of these books, as well as the other later ones that Ladenson considers, seems now quaint but also sad. Some of these books are among the highest of the classics, and the others gained far more infamy because of their prosecutions than their literary worth would have earned them. The unmemorable smut that is the huge bulk of pornography isn't much considered here (this is _Dirt for Art's Sake_, after all), but Ladenson's witty and thorough book can only remind the reader that this sort of societal fussing over what people can read, especially screening for the benefit of a supposed impressionable "young person", is wasted effort. It annoys readers, authors, and publishers, and has from time to time kept important books out of the hands of those who could appreciate them.

_Madam Bovary_ is Flaubert's most famous work, and its trial is intimately connected with the book. The problem as the French government saw it was that literature was to be useful and encourage moral order; literature that threatened the state was to be suppressed. The defense was two-pronged. First, there was "art for art's sake", that art exists independently of conventional morality. The other, somewhat contradictory, defense was that art depicts by means of realism, that if there were sordid aspects of life, they should still be fearlessly presented. But Flaubert's defense still relied upon the upholding of morality; his realistic depiction of the adultery of Emma Bovary was only to promote a higher virtue. Emma might not be a positive example, but served as a bad example to keep readers from making the same errors themselves. It is hard to see how even the prudish objected to the other indisputable member of the literary canon included here, unless they were given a list of four letter words that are included in the text, or specific pointers to the pages where Mr. Bloom goes to the outhouse or where sexual activity takes place. _Ulysses_ is, after all, a big book, full of a close examination of three characters and their one ordinary day in Dublin, so "naughty" themes are far from predominant. The book is not as easy to read as real porn, and only the misguided might pick it up hoping quickly to find spicy bits; Joyce's novel, Ladenson says, "provides its own inaccessibility." The classic 1933 decision allowing the book into the US, written by Judge John Woolsey and included as a preface to the work, gives the judge's opinion that while parts of the text may be "somewhat emetic, nowhere does it tend to be an aphrodisiac."

Woolsey's was a limited judgement; it meant that the "emetic" parts of _Ulysses_ redeemed the whole. (It is also a limited reading of the book, which tends more to comedy and ebullience than to outrageousness.) Because of this, the decision didn't close the issue of censoring frank literature, which had to be legally settled for _Lady Chatterley's Lover_, _Tropic of Cancer_, and _Lolita_, all of which have chapters here. (Lolita was a special case in which there could be no objection to the words in the book, but to the subject, a man's fascination for a pre-pubescent female.) Ladenson has read them all, and the legal decisions concerning them, and has not only read the books but seen the movies. Her perceptive readings of the books makes for a fine social history of censorship of artistic works. She has an agreeable sense of humor, pleasing in a scholastic work, and lets us enjoy sniggering at the foolish efforts of prudes trying to snip away at great literature. The absurdity of the censors' efforts is well displayed, as is, alas, their pigheaded persistence through the centuries.
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First Sentence:
Few books are as closely associated with their legal histories as is Madame Bovary. Read the first page
Key Phrases - Statistically Improbable Phrases (SIPs): (learn more)
literary dirt, imperial prosecutor, genuine pornography, obscenity proceedings, snotgreen sea, grey sunken cunt, censorship history, suppressed poems, prosecution speech, literary censorship, defense speech, obscenity trials
Key Phrases - Capitalized Phrases (CAPs): (learn more)
Henry Miller, Leopold Bloom, Supreme Court, Grove Press, Olympia Press, Ernest Pinard, Molly Bloom, New York, Obscene Publications Act, James Douglas, Penguin Books, Virginia Woolf, Annabel Leigh, Emma Bovarv, Emma Bovary, Gustave Flaubert, Jonathan Cape, Oscar Wilde, Sylvia Beach, Hays Code, Jack Kahane, Judge Woolsey, Les Bijoux, Madame Bovar, Obelisk Press
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