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Double Entry [Kindle Edition]

Jane Gleeson-White
4.0 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (38 customer reviews)

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Book Description

A fascinating exploration of how a simple system used to measure and record wealth spawned a cultural revolution.

Prepare to have your idea of accounting changed forever.Our world is governed by the numbers generated by the accounts of nations and corporations. We depend on these numbers to direct our governments, our institutions, corporations, economies, societies. But where did they come from and how did they become so powerful?

The answer to these questions begins in the Dark Ages in northern Italy with a new form of record keeping perfected by the merchants of Venice called double-entry bookkeeping. The story of double entry stars a Renaissance monk, mathematician, magician and constant companion of Leonardo da Vinci, his 27-page treatise for merchants, renaissances in art and mathematics, and revolutions in communications and industry.

The rise and metamorphosis of double-entry bookkeeping is one of history's best-kept secrets and one of its most important untold tales. Why? First, because it made possible the wealth and cultural efflorescence that was the Renaissance. Second, because it enabled capitalism to flourish, so changing the economies of the world forever. Third, because over several centuries it grew into a sophisticated system of numbers which in the twenty-first century governs the global economy. And finally, and most significantly, because today bookkeeping has the potential to make or break the planet.

As Guardian journalist Jonathan Watts wrote in October 2010: 'So it has come to this. The global biodiversity crisis is so severe that brilliant scientists, political leaders, eco-warriors, and religious gurus can no longer save us from ourselves. The military are powerless. But there may be one last hope for life on earth: accountants.'


Editorial Reviews

Review

“A stimulating approach that presents a compelling outline for further detailed review.” (Kirkus Reviews )

“Starred review. ...[L]ively and elegantly written account of the history of double-entry bookkeeping.... This dynamic examination of the impact and legacy of double-entry bookkeeping is sure to appeal to those in the accounting profession, business leaders, and history buffs, and will likely become required reading in business school curricula.” (Publishers Weekly )

About the Author

Jane Gleeson-White holds degrees in economics and accounting and is studying for her PhD in creative writing and literature. She has worked at the Peggy Guggenheim Museum in Venice and currently lives in Sydney, Australia.

Product Details

  • File Size: 756 KB
  • Print Length: 305 pages
  • Page Numbers Source ISBN: 0393088960
  • Publisher: Allen & Unwin (October 26, 2011)
  • Language: English
  • ASIN: B005ZLZJ46
  • Text-to-Speech: Enabled
  • X-Ray: Not Enabled
  • Lending: Not Enabled
  • Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #224,424 Paid in Kindle Store (See Top 100 Paid in Kindle Store)
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Customer Reviews

Most Helpful Customer Reviews
29 of 30 people found the following review helpful
4.0 out of 5 stars Quite Interesting April 3, 2012
Format:Kindle Edition
I quite enjoyed reading this. The author does a good job in writing a lively and accessible book about what many might consider to be a somewhat dry subject.

I particularly liked the historical background. Some of it was truly fascinating. I hadn't realised that Pacioli was such a distinguished mathematician. It was fascinating to read the influence that double entry book keeping has had and how without it some have speculated that there might have been no "capitalism". There were some great details about Marx and Engels.

There are chapters on National Income accounts, scandals and criticism of accountancy and in particular audits. The final chapter on environmental accounting was very informative.

I am a qualified accountant and I think that I would have liked to have read more about the history of the profession. Other people might well like more explanations of accounting terms.

In a way I think that this book might attempt to do too much and the treatment of some subjects is a little shallow.

However despite these reservations I felt that I did learn a few things from this book and it was generally pretty interesting and it all seemed to be accurate.
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19 of 20 people found the following review helpful
5.0 out of 5 stars A Gem May 12, 2012
Format:Kindle Edition|Amazon Verified Purchase
Double Entry
How the merchants of Venice shaped the modern world - and how their invention could make or break the planet
by Jane Gleeson - White

This book is a gem! Dusty old "double entry accounting" is threaded together with stories of Renaissance Venice, its merchants and scholarly discoveries, development of capitalism, national GDP, and accounting for environmental damage.

After a shaky start resurrecting Senator Robert Kennedy, the scene moves on cue to medieval Pisa, Genoa, Florence and Venice. There the Franciscan monk Luca Pacioli, mathematician, chess-player, and encylopedist inadvertently immortalized himself as the "father" of double-entry bookkeeping.

Luca Pacioli made significant mathematical discoveries, taught Leonardo da Vinci, and in particular wrote a mathematical encyclopedia in 1494 allocating 27 pages to a bookkeeping treatise that bestowed him glory to this day. This was only a small part of Pacioli's work in "Summa de Arithmetica, geometria, proportione et proportionalità" or "Everything about Arithmetic, Geometry, Proportion, and Proportionality" plus other works including an unpublished treatise on chess which was rediscovered in 2006.

A brilliant intertwined history of merchants and mathematics is presented from Mesopotamian tablets and ancient Greek mathematics through to the Hindu-Arabic numerals and the new style bookkeeping. The dark arts of Egyptian priests and the commercial activities of early merchants triggered Augustine's warning that "The good Christian should beware of mathematics ... a covenant with the devil to darken the spirit and confine man in the bonds of Hell". The author successfully combines "the calculations used by merchants ... and the numbers used by philosophers to express the secret harmonies of the universe." This is a neat idea particularly for those new to the history of mathematics or finance.

The focus then turns to bookkeeping, bills of exchange, limited liability, cost accounting, National Accounts, GDP, etc. Pacioli tells us that "If you are in business and do not know all about it, your money will go like flies - That is, you will lose it"; " ... the merchant is like a rooster ... the most alert and ... keeps his night vigils and never rests". Just like modern continuous disclosure Pacioli advises "Frequent accounting makes for long friendship" warning that "if you are not a good bookkeeper ... you will go on groping like a blind man and meet great losses".

Finally, the author goes `over the top' quoting claims not only that the concept of capitalism originated with double entry bookkeeping but the entire modern scientific capitalistic world as well. The book ends by considering environmental concerns excluded from company accounts longing for a sort of Accounting of Everything. Accounting can "make or break the planet ... there may be one last hope for life on earth: accountants". There are limits, if it is that bad, let us all just "drink and be merry ...".

Malcolm Cameron
13 May 2012
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14 of 15 people found the following review helpful
4.0 out of 5 stars A book of two halves - debit and credit. May 9, 2012
Format:Kindle Edition
This is a fine, well researched (if short) history of double-entry bookkeeping. I was aware of some of the history of the practice before I read it, but this filled the history out to the early 1500s nicely. The chapters on the European adoption of the Indian / Arabic numbers out of the Roman and medieval numbering systems, the evolution of the double-entry system of bookkeeping and the early impact of double-entry were all good reading - and well written. It seems well-aimed at the students of the profession and is the most readable history of this subject I have yet read.

There were two disappointments, though. Firstly I would have liked the author to stick to the actual subject, and write a lot more on the development of bookkeeping from Pacioli through to the improvements, refinements and the development of modern accounting over the last century. A mention of Henry Rand Hatfield or Sir David Tweedie for example might have helped. Covering the modern innovation of legally enforceable standards would have helped more. Pointing out the errors that accountants sometimes make should not be the sole focus of this entire time period.
Instead, and secondly, what was there in the middle to end chapters was a discussion of how economists have obtained some of the data that the bookkeepers and accountants produce and added those to other numbers to create figures for politicians and economists to use to try to manage economies. Quite rightly, the author points out that this process is not necessarily likely to be useful, and can be harmful. How exactly this fits in with double-entry bookkeeping I am not sure. The author seems to be trying to justify some of the hype on the front cover, rather than providing a history of the practice and profession. Developing the first section on would have been much, much better.

The last chapter, covering the development of environmental and social accounting was also good reading, and provides a case for this area to develop further. To be honest, though, after wading through the section on the economists I had lost some of the interest that the early chapters had developed.

In summary - if you are looking for a good, well-written and very easy-to-read history of the practice of double-entry bookkeeping, then this is a very good book. It's not long and provides enough detail for most to understand where it come from. If you just want to learn about double-entry, then stop after the Pacioli section and then perhaps read the chapter on environmental accounting. If you also want a discussion piece on how economists can misuse data, then read the whole book.

This really is a book of two halves. Pity they seem so disjointed.

Another interesting point is all the other books that appear when you search for this one.
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Most Recent Customer Reviews
4.0 out of 5 stars Amazing
Amazing, especially if interested in the history of bookkeeping, banking, commerce and associated historical information. Without any help from technology as we know it.
Published 1 day ago by Carolyn Jones
4.0 out of 5 stars Renaissance fusion of maths philosophy leads to artistic, scientific &...
Fascinating review of the confluence of Roman maths, Greek maths and Hindu-Arabic maths ( introduction of numbers) with Venetian double entry book keeping overlapping the other... Read more
Published 4 days ago by Dr Peter Duffy
5.0 out of 5 stars Interconnections
The rise of mercantilism, increasing trade across distant lands, and double entry brought great profits to a new bourgeois class that in many cases spent lavishly on the arts and... Read more
Published 21 days ago by George Havelka
5.0 out of 5 stars Henri Pirenne, move over.
A clear and compelling explanation for the impetus to the end of the MIddle Ages. An original and persuasive argument.
Published 26 days ago by Daniel H. Lavezzo
2.0 out of 5 stars overly long and redundant
This could have been a great adventure story, but it seems that it was written by an accountant for an accountant. it is very dry, overly long, and rarely gets to the point. Read more
Published 26 days ago by Mark
4.0 out of 5 stars Great Read.
I received the book in perfect condition and on time. The book is a really great read. I would recOmmend everyone to read it because it gives a good overview of the history of... Read more
Published 1 month ago by Pen Name
4.0 out of 5 stars The history parts are good, the resultant conclusions less so
Like too many academics, Gleeson-White assumes man caused "climate change" is a reality and so carbon costs must be a factor in financial analysis. Read more
Published 1 month ago by Jon Bromfield
2.0 out of 5 stars misleading title
The origin of double entry bookkeeping would have been of interest. The book did not address this subject in any manner
Published 1 month ago by 8800F Buyer
5.0 out of 5 stars Accountancy explained
Well reseached and written lucidly. I am not an accountant but I found it most interesting. in particular the history of the proffession..
Published 2 months ago by David B Chapman
5.0 out of 5 stars Fascinating Study of Accounting
Accounting is often considered a boring subject by many people. This book reveals how the system of double entry accounting developed by the Venetian merchants during the... Read more
Published 2 months ago by Ellen Alquist
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