Susan Jane Blackmore (born 1951) is an English psychologist. Interestingly, although she earned her Ph.D. in psychology and physiology with a thesis on, "Extrasensory Perception as a Cognitive Process," and herself had an out-of-body experience, she has since become a skeptic, and prominent member of CSICOP. She has written other books such as
The Adventures of a Parapsychologist,
Beyond The Body: An Investigation of Out-of-the-Body Experiences, etc.
She wrote in the Preface to this 1993 book, "There is no heaven toward which evolution progresses. And no ultimate purpose... Yet our minds have evolved to create purposefulness and cling to the idea of a self because that will more efficiently keep alive the body and perpetuate its genes... our evolution makes it very hard for us to accept the idea of ... our own individual pointlessness... The discovery and study of near-death experiences [NDEs] has taught us about the experience of nearly dying... This book is an attempt to explore what psychology, biology and medicine have to say about death and dying."
She rejects Carl Sagan's suggestion [in
Broca's Brain] that NDEs recapitulate the experience of birth; she states, "The idea that we return to birth in death has an obvious appeal and a superficial plausibility, I do not believe it has any more than this... the birth canal is nothing like a tunnel with a light at the end... it takes a vast leap of imagination to make the two comparable." (Pg. 79)
She later adds, "No explanation of the NDE is worthwhile unless it can explain why it feels the way it does." (Pg. 93) She asserts, "It is my contention that there is no soul, spirit, astral body or anything at all that leaves the body during NDEs and survives after death. These... are all illusions and the NDE can be accounted for without recourse to any of them." (Pg. 114) She suggests, "try an experiment on yourself. Shut your eyes now and try to imagine where you are but from above... You may be surprised at how much you can 'see' but this is just a reflection of how information is stored in our memories." (Pg. 117)
She notes, "It is also now common practice to speak about the [dying] patient as though they might be able to hear. Medical personnel in operating theatres are trained not to discuss the patient's illness or possible demise as though they were a lump of inanimate flesh but to realize that they might hear what is going on." (Pg. 121) She contends, "Endorphins are released during stress and one of their effects is to lower the threshold for seizures in the limbic system and temporal lobe. The resulting abnormal activity ... causes the flashbacks and associated feelings of familiarity and meaningfulness." (Pg. 214)
She summarizes, "The joy and peace are consistent because of the natural opiates released under stress. The tunnel, light and noises are consistent because they depend on the structure of the brain's cortex and what happens to it when it is deprived of oxygen or is affected by disinhibition and random activity... The life review is consistent because the endophins cause random activation and seizures in the temporal lobe and limbic system where memories are organized... And it is this dissolution of self that accounts for the mystical experiences and aftereffects." (Pg. 261)
Whether one accepts any or all of Blackmore's suggested explanations, this is clearly a crucial skeptical work, that demands careful study by anyone intersted in NDEs.