Today, being an educated young evangelical unfortunately means that we inhabit non-evangelical writings hoping to learn from ideas in other Christian traditions to apply them to our own. As a young (31) evangelical, you can merely browse my reviews to see the types of books we read. Catholic (Feser, Budzizewski, Gilson), Anglican (Jacobs), Orthodox (Hart), etc. are among the influences we feast upon for the simple reason that it's often more satisfying. The "deep thinkers" in these subjects have often been non-evangelicals and unfortunately we find ourselves playing catchup too often.
Anderson's interesting new book follows this trend. The book begins with a quote from G.K. Chesterton, a Catholic, engages John Paul II's work on the body at various points, and frequently quotes C.S. Lewis, an Anglo-Catholic. It discusses the work of mainliners, such as Richard Hays and the Archbishop of Cantebury, Rowan Williams. It even quotes (surprisingly frequently) some of the leaders of the emerging church. Seemingly, only the occasional quote from Oliver O'Donovan or Dallas Willard come from the ranks of evangelical theologians (or philosophers in the case of Willard). He at one point (note 55) states that he will later come back to discuss the devotional writings of J.P. Moreland, but the only references to Moreland come in discussion of his understanding of the soul/body distinction.
Unfortunately, evangelicals have not truly formulated a comprehensive theology of the body. I feared that in attempting such a task, Anderson would either simply engage with non-evangelical authors without presenting his own perspective apart from critiquing others, or simply fall into the trap of writing a bioethical treatise. Of course, no theology of the body can remain neutral on bioethical issues, nor can it remain silent in the face of other perspectives on the body from non-evangelical worldviews, but if the book only amounts to one of these two traps, then a reader could just as easily be satisfied with the latest edition of First Things (no matter what month it may be, the magazine always contains a healthy dose of bioethical and body-related issues).
Anderson successfully steers clear of these two traps and although you may work through the first few chapters more out of hope than engagement, the real thrill begins in the chapter on tattoos. Although the first five chapters are successful in what they intend to do, there is very little that could be called original, evangelical work within them. Still, they lay the groundwork for what will follow.
The meat of the book is unquestionably chapters six through nine. The chapters did not dwell on critiquing other perspectives, but forged a distinctly evangelical perspective. The discussion of tattoos takes on this distinct evangelical flair. Anderson does not fall into simplistic biblical arguments, nor back down from strong evangelical convictions on the nature of the body. He asks what current tattoos mean as opposed to what they meant to our grandparents. The ties between modern tattoos and consumerism were precise.
Anderson deals with sexuality in such a careful way. He shows from Scripture and reason that sexuality requires the other, but that vocational celibacy should be praised in our churches. He further deftly argues against acceptance of homosexual behavior, but shows how the reality of the situation is that we all inhibit bodies with disordered desires needing to be redeemed in the light of Christ.
My personal favorite chapter was the chapter on death. Lest, I be thought to be morbid, I have often been fascinated at the extent our culture goes to in order to hide ourselves from illness, aging and death. I have pondered long and hard over the high walls we have erected around our suburban cemeteries, or how we move the "critical" and "hospices" cases to their own areas of the hospital, away from the people with lesser illnesses. I'm fascinated (and saddened) by nursing homes where we hide the aging away from our sight. And then there is the funeral, where we think that a little makeup, some sewing to keep the mouth shut, a little plastic to keep the eyes from sinking in and a good bit of formaldehyde can conquer death. I've actually longed for the days when we let the bodies decompose on our living room tables for a few days while family and friends came to visit. If we hide ourselves from death, we hide ourselves from the fullness of the victory that Jesus brought over it. I suggested to my wife that my funeral stray from the preparation process, and still have an open casket. She didn't think people would understand my purpose and instead thought they would just say, "Ewww." That's probably true, but the reality that provokes the "Ewww" is exactly the thing of which they need to become aware. In the chapter, Anderson discusses this attitude toward death, how we have consumerized the funeral, the growth of cremation and every topic in between. He takes into account the historical Christian perspective, but also gives it a fresh, evangelical perspective. Having inhabited evangelical churches and funerals, Anderson understands how we should curb these trends in our dealing with death to better portray Christ's victory over it.
I must admit that the final two chapters left me wanting more. After the great success of chapters six through nine, the final chapters on spiritual disciplines and the body and the church seemed a little shallow. It wasn't that the content wasn't good, but that it didn't live up to the level of discourse in the previous chapters. I actually expected the chapter on the disciplines to be a rehashing of Dallas Willard's work, but was thankful that the chapter was largely Anderson's own work. Still, as with James K.A. Smith's recent work,
Desiring the Kingdom: Worship, Worldview, and Cultural Formation (Cultural Liturgies), you are left wondering, "Is that it? Couldn't that be developed further?" I was particularly saddened that much more wasn't discussed about the body of Christ (the church) in relation to the physical body. The final section of the last chapter veered this direction, but ended too quickly.
Overall, I cannot help but recommend the book. There are clearly some sections that I believe could have said more, but the heart of the book is well worth the price. Matthew Anderson has shown himself to be a capable writer with a broad and clear grasp of his topic. I, along with most likely all who read this book, will be looking forward to whatever he writes next.