Empire and Revolution: The Americans in Mexico since the Civil War [Hardcover]

John Mason Hart (Author)

Book Description

ISBN-10: 0520223241 | ISBN-13: 978-0520223240 | Publication Date: April 1, 2002 | Edition: 1

The deep relationship between the United States and Mexico has had repercussions felt around the world. This sweeping and unprecedented chronicle of the economic and social connections between the two nations opens a new window onto history from the Civil War to today and brilliantly illuminates the course of events that made the United States a global empire. The Mexican Revolution, Manifest Destiny, World War II, and NAFTA are all part of the story, but John Mason Hart's narrative transcends these moments of economic and political drama, resonating with the themes of wealth and power. Combining economic and historical analysis with personal memoirs and vivid descriptions of key episodes and players, Empire and Revolution is based on substantial amounts of previously unexplored source material. Hart excavated recently declassified documents in the archives of the United States government and traveled extensively in rural Mexico to uncover the rich sources for this gripping story of 135 years of intervention, cooperation, and corruption.
Beginning just after the American Civil War, Hart traces the activities of an elite group of financiers and industrialists who, sensing opportunities for wealth to the south, began to develop Mexico's infrastructure. He charts their activities through the pivotal regime of Porfirio Díaz, when Americans began to gain ownership of Mexico's natural resources, and through the Mexican Revolution, when Americans lost many of their holdings in Mexico. Hart concentrates less on traditional political history in the twentieth century and more on the hidden interactions between Americans and Mexicans, especially the unfolding story of industrial production in Mexico for export to the United States. Throughout, this masterful narrative illuminates the development and expansion of the American railroad, oil, mining, and banking industries. Hart also shows how the export of the "American Dream" has shaped such areas as religion and work attitudes in Mexico.
Empire and Revolution reveals much about the American psyche, especially the compulsion of American elites toward wealth, global power, and contact with other peoples, often in order to "save" them. These characteristics were first expressed internationally in Mexico, and Hart shows that the Mexican experience was and continues to be a prototype for U.S. expansion around the world. His work demonstrates the often inconspicuous yet profoundly damaging impact of American investment in the underdeveloped countries of Latin America, Asia, and Africa. Empire and Revolution will be the definitive book on U.S.-Mexico relations and their local and global ramifications.

Editorial Reviews

From Library Journal

This history traces the development of the symbiotic connection between the United States and Mexico from 1864, when American capitalists sought to improve Mexico's infrastructure and thereby gain access to both resources and markets. Under the rule of Porfirio Daz, Americans acquired significant assets, only to lose them during the revolution. Mexico nonetheless continued to be seen as a commercial opportunity. Hart (Latin American history, Univ. of Houston) traces this relationship to the present, building on his earlier works, most notably Revolutionary Mexico: The Coming and Process of the Mexican Revolution. Having spent 12 years researching this book, he brings to light sources not noted elsewhere. The title of this otherwise outstanding work is misleading in that it emphasizes those who implemented the macroeconomic and commercial relations between the nations; Americans in Mexico, e.g., ex-Confederates, Mormons, and even tourists, receive scant attention. Nevertheless, given its insights and the quality of writing, this work is recommended for both academic and public library collections. Daniel Liestman, Florida Gulf Coast Univ., Ft. Myers
Copyright 2002 Cahners Business Information, Inc.

Review

"A major new study." -- Houston Chronicle

"[A] sweeping examination of United States economic relations with Mexico from the Civil War forward . . ." -- San Antonio Express-News

See all Editorial Reviews

Product Details

• Hardcover: 688 pages
• Publisher: University of California Press; 1 edition (April 1, 2002)
• Language: English
• ISBN-10: 0520223241
• ISBN-13: 978-0520223240
• Product Dimensions: 9.2 x 6.4 x 1.9 inches
• Shipping Weight: 2.4 pounds (View shipping rates and policies)
• Average Customer Review: 5.0 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (4 customer reviews)
• Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #1,762,389 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

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8 of 8 people found the following review helpful:

5.0 out of 5 stars Indispensable, May 14, 2002

By 

tejasjj "tejasjj" (Friendswood, TX USA) - See all my reviews

This review is from: Empire and Revolution: The Americans in Mexico since the Civil War (Hardcover)

In Empire and Revolution, eminent Mexican historian John Mason Hart unravels a process in which a vanguard U.S. financial elite in pursuit of empire initially penetrated Mexico by financially supporting Porfirio Diaz's successful revolt against the democratically elected government of Sebastian Lerdo de Tejada. Once in power, Diaz offered a friendly and stable regime predisposed to unfettered foreign, particularly U. S., investments which developed Mexico's infrastructure that inevitably led to its monopolistic control. This, in turn, allowed a select group of capitalists to acquire land and resources, in vast quantities unknown until now (nearly 70% of the border and the littoral), only to lose most of their acquisitions as a result of the Mexican Revolution. Hart continues on into the post-revolutionary period by detailing the process in which U. S. capital re-penetrated Mexico once the embers of revolutionary nationalism and social activism cooled and transformed into more pragmatic economic development, and traces it to the present interdependent relationship under the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). In essence this study offers the reader insight of how Mexico became the first third-world nation that the United States encountered and how it served as a model for guiding U. S. latter-day third-world hegemonic impulses.

While sweeping in scope, Hart's book provides more than just an abstract look at U. S. capital. This work is about individuals-replete with detailed portrayals of the key financial elite, both bankers and industrialists, and civil-war era generals who first pried open the door for U. S. capital investment in Mexico as well as the U. S. "colonists" that followed in their wake. Hart also sheds light into U. S. political and military might that helped buttress these financial elite's imperial pretensions-one key military intervention in Veracruz help tip the scales to Carranza during the Mexican Revolution. Although irascibly nationalistic, Carranza was more acceptable to the U. S. financial and political powers than were Villa or Zapata. Besides covering the political and military aspects of this imperial juggernaut, Hart provides insight into the implications of U. S. economic hegemony in Mexico and the resulting social and cultural interactions. Hart's description of cultural clashes and misunderstandings that occurred throughout this longue durée and the slow transformation into social, cultural, political and economic accommodations lends weight to the concept of an interrelated, albeit diffuse, cultural space that author Joel Garreau and others have christened MexAmerica.

Based on copious primary sources (some recently declassified) from widely dispersed archives and twelve years of research, Empire and Revolution is a seminal work from which future historians of Mexico and U. S. relations will need to begin their inquiry. This is a book that also should be read by all State Department types and businessmen dealing with Mexico and NAFTA-related issues. However, this book is not only for the specialists but also for all others interested in our neighbor to the South who desire to understand how interrelated our histories have been and will continue to be. This is an indispensable book.

8 of 9 people found the following review helpful:

5.0 out of 5 stars Empire and Revolution, April 27, 2002

By 

PWH (Houston, Texas) - See all my reviews

This review is from: Empire and Revolution: The Americans in Mexico since the Civil War (Hardcover)

John Mason Hart's Empire and Revolution directs our attention to the role of Americans in Mexico in an entirely new way by emphasizing the diverse ways in which Americans have affected that country and the third world. He demonstrates the importance of financiers in opening our relations with Mexico and the ensuing development of industry, timber, mining, oil, agricultural, ranching and settlement. In the modern era he goes beneath the surface to explain the nature of the drug trade, tourism, and the border economy. He also posits Mexico as a model for understanding relations between the United States and the third world by demonstrating that Mexico was our first and most profound relationship with that part of humanity. Moreover, the narrative style, at times, flows like Walt Whitman's as the reader is given images of American expansion, not just in its westward movement, but south into Mexico. This is the best book on the role of the United States in the third world that I have read.

5 of 8 people found the following review helpful:

5.0 out of 5 stars Extraordinary account of Mexican History, March 2, 2004

By 

Seth J. Frantzman (Jerusalem, Israel) - See all my reviews
(HALL OF FAME REVIEWER)    (REAL NAME)   

This review is from: Empire and Revolution: The Americans in Mexico since the Civil War (Hardcover)

This amazing, seminal sweeping account details the role of Americans in Mexico from 1864 through the present. Concentrating mostly on the period of the 1860s-1920s this is the most amazing, excellent historical account of Mexico in the period that can be found. Far more then a tail of American investment this book tells the story of Mexico and its people experiencing the pangs of development and industrial revolution. President Diaz who dominated Mexican politics during this period made it possible for a vast number of Americans and other foreigners(like Germans and Spaniards) to purchase vast tracts of lands and develop not only the Oil industry but also the Mexican rail industry. In the 1910s a series of revolutions beginning with the Huerta insurrection brought such luminaries to the fore as Villa and Zapata. These forces eventually destroyed the large American investment in Mexico, harming the American exile community(much of which had helped to build up Mexican infrastructure) and swept away and entire era of Mexican politics. The Veracruz intervention is documented in great detail as are all aspects of the `Americanization' of states like Sonora. Scant attention is paid to the role of American tourists or Mormon missionaries or the years of 1930-1990(the era of the PRI). But nevertheless the book does bring the history to the present of NAFTA and presumes the election of FOX and the `almost' election of the PRD in the early 90s.

A wonderful book. A great read and one of the only books to give such a sweeping colorful detail to this essential period of Mexican history. A period that harpers to today's Mexican law which forbids foreigners from owning land in Mexico. Leftovers of the American adventure in Mexico can also be seen today in the national companies like Pemex and Cemex and the national railroads, most of whose infrastructure was built by Americans only be nationalized by the Mexican government in the 1920s.

A must read for anyone interested in Mexico, America, the border or the reasons for the way Mexico is today.

Seth J. Frantzman