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Euler's Gem: The Polyhedron Formula and the Birth of Topology
 
 
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Euler's Gem: The Polyhedron Formula and the Birth of Topology [Hardcover]

David S. Richeson (Author)
4.9 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (14 customer reviews)

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Book Description

September 8, 2008

Leonhard Euler's polyhedron formula describes the structure of many objects--from soccer balls and gemstones to Buckminster Fuller's buildings and giant all-carbon molecules. Yet Euler's formula is so simple it can be explained to a child. Euler's Gem tells the illuminating story of this indispensable mathematical idea.

From ancient Greek geometry to today's cutting-edge research, Euler's Gem celebrates the discovery of Euler's beloved polyhedron formula and its far-reaching impact on topology, the study of shapes. In 1750, Euler observed that any polyhedron composed of V vertices, E edges, and F faces satisfies the equation V-E+F=2. David Richeson tells how the Greeks missed the formula entirely; how Descartes almost discovered it but fell short; how nineteenth-century mathematicians widened the formula's scope in ways that Euler never envisioned by adapting it for use with doughnut shapes, smooth surfaces, and higher dimensional shapes; and how twentieth-century mathematicians discovered that every shape has its own Euler's formula. Using wonderful examples and numerous illustrations, Richeson presents the formula's many elegant and unexpected applications, such as showing why there is always some windless spot on earth, how to measure the acreage of a tree farm by counting trees, and how many crayons are needed to color any map.

Filled with a who's who of brilliant mathematicians who questioned, refined, and contributed to a remarkable theorem's development, Euler's Gem will fascinate every mathematics enthusiast.


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Editorial Reviews

Review

The author has achieved a remarkable feat, introducing a nave reader to a rich history without compromising the insights and without leaving out a delicious detail. Furthermore, he describes the development of topology from a suggestion by Gottfried Leibniz to its algebraic formulation by Emmy Noether, relating all to Euler's formula. This book will be valuable to every library with patrons looking for an awe-inspiring experience. -- Choice

This is an excellent book about a great man and a timeless formula. -- Charles Ashbacher, Journal of Recreational Mathematics

I liked Richeson's style of writing. He is enthusiastic and humorous. It was a pleasure reading this book, and I recommend it to everyone who is not afraid of mathematical arguments and has ever wondered what this field of 'rubbersheet geometry' is about. You will not be disappointed. -- Jeanine Daems, Mathematical Intelligencer

The book is a pleasure to read for professional mathematicians, students of mathematicians or anyone with a general interest in mathematics. -- European Mathematical Society Newsletter

I found much more to like than to criticize in Euler's Gem. At its best, the book succeeds at showing the reader a lot of attractive mathematics with a well-chosen level of technical detail. I recommend it both to professional mathematicians and to their seatmates. -- Jeremy L. Martin, Notices of the AMS

I highly recommend this book for teachers interested in geometry or topology, particularly for university faculty. The examples, proofs, and historical anecdotes are interesting, informative, and useful for encouraging classroom discussions. Advanced students will also glimpse the broad horizons of mathematics by reading (and working through) the book. -- Dustin L. Jones, Mathematics Teacher

From the Inside Flap

"Euler's Gem is a thoroughly satisfying meditation on one of mathematics' loveliest formulas. The author begins with Euler's act of seeing what no one previously had, and returns repeatedly to the resulting formula with ever more careful emendations and ever-widening points of view. This highly nuanced narrative sweeps the reader into the cascade of interlocking ideas which undergird modern topology and lend it its power and beauty."--Donal O'Shea, author of The Poincar Conjecture: In Search of the Shape of the Universe

"Beginning with Euler's famous polyhedron formula, continuing to modern concepts of 'rubber geometry,' and advancing all the way to the proof of Poincar's Conjecture, Richeson's well-written and well-illustrated book is a gentle tour de force of topology."--George G. Szpiro, author of Poincar's Prize: The Hundred-Year Quest to Solve One of Math's Greatest Puzzles

"A fascinating and accessible excursion through two thousand years of mathematics. From Plato's Academy, via the bridges of Knigsberg, to the world of knots, soccer balls, and geodesic domes, the author's enthusiasm shines through. This attractive introduction to the origins of topology deserves to be widely read."--Robin Wilson, author of Four Colors Suffice: How the Map Problem Was Solved

"Appealing and accessible to a general audience, this well-organized, well-supported, and well-written book contains vast amounts of information not found elsewhere. Euler's Gem is a significant and timely contribution to the field."--Edward Sandifer, Western Connecticut State University

"Euler's Gem is a very good book. It succeeds in explaining complicated concepts in engaging layman's terms. Richeson is keenly aware of where the difficult twists and turns are located, and he covers them to satisfaction. This book is engaging and a joy to read."--Alejandro Lpez-Ortiz, University of Waterloo


Product Details

  • Hardcover: 336 pages
  • Publisher: Princeton University Press; 1 edition (September 8, 2008)
  • Language: English
  • ISBN-10: 0691126771
  • ISBN-13: 978-0691126777
  • Product Dimensions: 9.2 x 6.1 x 1.1 inches
  • Shipping Weight: 1.1 pounds (View shipping rates and policies)
  • Average Customer Review: 4.9 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (14 customer reviews)
  • Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #208,346 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

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Customer Reviews

14 Reviews
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4 star:
 (2)
3 star:    (0)
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Average Customer Review
4.9 out of 5 stars (14 customer reviews)
 
 
 
 
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Most Helpful Customer Reviews

55 of 56 people found the following review helpful:
5.0 out of 5 stars More Evidence that Mathematics Is Beautiful, December 22, 2008
By 
Gene B. Chase (Grantham, PA USA) - See all my reviews
(REAL NAME)   
This review is from: Euler's Gem: The Polyhedron Formula and the Birth of Topology (Hardcover)
If you want a popularized book-length treatment of string theory, you have two kinds of choices. Brian Greene uses no equations, save in an occasional endnote. Roger Penrose uses 1136 equation-filled pages to teach you all of mathematics you would need to know--although far too fast for anyone to learn it from Penrose alone. There is not much between Greene and Penrose.

If you wanted a popularized book-length treatment of topology before Dave Richeson's Euler's Gem: The Polyhderal Formula and the Birth of Topology, you had no choice at all.

This is a risky thing that Richeson attempts. Ian Stewart's 2007 book Why Beauty is Truth: The History of Symmetry cites the "conventional wisdom in science writing that every equation halves a book's sales." (34) On this basis, Richeson's book should have only
one ten billionth of the sales of other books popularizing science. Yet Richeson pulls it off with a well-written, nicely illustrated book surveying the history of topology from Plato to Poincaré to Perelman.

Richeson's book is accessible to an academically minded high school student, yet has something to offer the professional mathematican who happens not to be a topologist.

There are no typos in the book. There is a useful, although not comprehensive index. (Richeson mentions flexible polyhedra -- see mathworld.wolfram.com/FlexiblePolyhedron.html -- for example, but the index doesn't.) The only slight confusion that I encountered is at page 157, which says that we have seen V-E+F = 2-2g before. We have not. However, on page 148, we saw V-E+F = 2 - 2T + P + 2C, so let P = C = 0 and rename T as g, and all is clear.

Richeson's book ends on the theme of beauty, and well it should. It's a beautiful book! I bought three as Christmas presents for friends. You should buy one too.
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21 of 24 people found the following review helpful:
5.0 out of 5 stars I thoroughly enjoyed this book., December 6, 2008
By 
Amazon Verified Purchase(What's this?)
This review is from: Euler's Gem: The Polyhedron Formula and the Birth of Topology (Hardcover)
I really enjoyed this book. I found that the David Richeson's writing style made this topic very accessible. I thought that there was just the right balance of history and math. Having little experience with topology, learned a lot about it. I was really astounded at some of the unexpected connections between "Euler's Gem" and different branches of math.

Lots of fun!
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10 of 10 people found the following review helpful:
5.0 out of 5 stars Very Good, But Challenging, January 19, 2010
A Kid's Review
This review is from: Euler's Gem: The Polyhedron Formula and the Birth of Topology (Hardcover)
Euler's Gem is a fascinating & well written book. However, it is also a pretty challenging read, one can not really sit back & read it straight through. But this is also what mathematics & learning is all about, as you often have to stop, re-read, & think a bit about what is being said. The claim is made that someone with only high school mathematics could read the book, & while this is probably true, it would be a steep climb. Especially as one progresses further & further into the book, many references are made to calculus, differential equations, & other related ideas, which the author does a fantastic job of explaining the ideas to people that never had the courses, but in the end it really would help the reader to have that knowledge beforehand.

What makes this a five star book is that it is so rich in knowledge. The average person won't be able to read it in a week, but if you're willing to put the time into the book, you'll get a lot of out it as it really is a great introduction to topology. Even if you can't pick up all the concepts, you're sure to be able to pick up many of the neat tricks the author points out, such as the wedding ring knot, coloring map problem, etc. Overall, one of the best books I've ever read, & one day I'll probably have to re-read it again because it's just so rich & packed with knowledge.
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Inside This Book (learn more)
Key Phrases - Statistically Improbable Phrases (SIPs): (learn more)
total angle deficit, polyhedron formula, exterior angle theorem, angle deficits, star polyhedra, sphere with handles, great dodecahedron, neighbors theorem, great icosahedron, double torus, angle excess, geodesic polygons, new polyhedron, blue vertex, nonconvex polyhedron, cross caps, geodesic triangle, prime knots, man knots, torsion coefficients, turning tangents, resulting polyhedron, fewer crossings, color conjecture, trefoil knot
Key Phrases - Capitalized Phrases (CAPs): (learn more)
Peter the Great, The Seifert, United States, Berlin Academy, Johannes Kepler, Euclid's Elements, Isaac Newton, Catherine the Great, Academy of Sciences, Cosmic Mystery, University of Basel, Henri Lebesgue, Louis Poinsot, The Harmony of the World, Frederick the Great, Fields Medals, Martin Gardner, Francis Guthrie, World War, Platonic Solids
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