Fool's Paradise: The Unreal World of Pop Psychology [Hardcover]

Stewart Justman (Author)

Book Description

Publication Date: July 7, 2005

Through the channels of the mass media, celebrity psychologists urge us to realize that society has robbed us of our authentic selves. That every moral standard or prohibition imposes on our selfhoods. That what we have inherited from the past is false. That we ourselves are the only truth in a world of lies. That we must challenge "virtually everything." That we must "wipe the slate clean and start over." Each of these "principles" is a commonplace of pop psychology, and each has almost unimaginably radical implications. Where did pop psychology come from, and what are its promises—and fallacies? How is it that we have elevated people like Phil McGraw, Theodore Rubin, Wayne Dyer, M. Scott Peck, Thomas Harris, John Gray, and many other self-help gurus to priestly status in American culture? In Fool's Paradise, the award-winning essayist Stewart Justman traces the inspiration of the pop psychology movement to the utopianism of the 1960s and argues that it consistently misuses the rhetoric that grew out of the civil rights movement. Speaking as it does in the name of our right to happiness, pop psychology promises liberation from all that interferes with our power to create the selves we want. In so doing, Mr. Justman writes, it not only defies reality but corrodes the traditions and attachments that give depth and richness to human life. His witty and astringent appraisal of the world of pop psychology, which quotes liberally from the most popular sources of advice, is an essential social corrective as well as a vastly entertaining and stimulating book.

Editorial Reviews

From Scientific American

The genre of psychological self-help books has grown tremendously, and authors such as Dr. Phil (McGraw), Wayne Dyer and John Gray are repeat visitors to the best-seller lists. Such popularity poses a paradox, though: If the books really worked, why would readers need to keep buying them? In the erudite yet lively Fool’s Paradise, literary scholar Stewart Justman argues that pop psychology texts are ineffective because, among other things, they encourage people to hyperfocus on their own emotional states. He approvingly cites philosopher John Stuart Mill’s maxim: "Ask yourself whether you are happy, and you cease to be so." Justman, professor of liberal studies at the University of Montana, offers a severe and mostly persuasive critique of pop psychology print media rather than of radio and television. Quoting liberally from books that purport to give life-changing advice, he castigates the field for offering unrealistic expectations of self-transformation, for dogmatic tone, and for dubious doctrines such as honoring one’s "authentic self" by discarding feelings of obligation and morality. Along the way Justman points out some monumental ironies, such as authors’ demands that readers reject other people’s demands. He likewise notes that although the literature is unoriginal and repetitious, it instructs readers to make a sharp break with the past. Pop psychology, according to Justman, is a "utopian enterprise" inspired by the protest movements of the 1960s and early 1970s. Although this interpretation has some merit, one could argue that pop psychology marked a turn away from political activism into self-absorption. Similarly, Justman’s assertion that pop psychology derides most guilt but welcomes "liberal guilt" over historical injustices seems to overstate the politics of a genre that is largely apolitical. Less disputable, however, is that most of the manuals are badly written. The literature is rife with supposed success stories about people overcoming negative emotions and behaviors—many of which are suspiciously sketchy and formulaic. Loose or out-of-context quotations from serious literary and philosophical works are another ill staple of the genre, as when self-help authors celebrate the Shakespearean line "To thine own self be true," mouthed by the questionable character of Polonius in Hamlet. As Justman writes, pop psychology’s many practitioners may include "a few who do not subscribe to the dubious doctrines probed here." Still, citing more than 40 guidebooks, he shows that the fi eld’s problems are serious indeed. (390)

Kenneth Silber

Review

Pop psychology has been unmasked before, but English professor Stewart Justman provides a fresh critical angle. (David J. Pittenger, associate provost for academic administration at the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga)

Justman's witty and astringent appraisal of the world of pop psychology...is an essential social corrective as well as a vastly entertaining and stimulating book. (Memestreams.Net)

Justman exposes successfully the shallowness of pop psychology theory. (Lennart Sjoberg American Psychological Foundation)

Excellent cautionary reading.... Justman delivers a sustained, entertaining attack on self-help's claims, conventions, and contradictions. (Janet Ingraham Dwyer Library Journal)

If you've been hoping for a brutally rational answer to Iyanla et al, look no further. (Ruminator)

Provides a passionate examination of its foundations and dangers. (Diane C. Donovan Midwest Book Review)

Fool's Paradise is indeed a learned book. (Bradley Kreit California Literary Review)

Erudite yet lively. (Kenneth Silber Scientific American Minds)

An intriguing look at popular psychology. (Forecast)

See all Editorial Reviews

Product Details

• Hardcover: 276 pages
• Publisher: Ivan R. Dee; First Edition edition (July 7, 2005)
• Language: English
• ISBN-10: 1566636280
• ISBN-13: 978-1566636285
• Product Dimensions: 6.7 x 1 x 9 inches
• Shipping Weight: 1.1 pounds (View shipping rates and policies)
• Average Customer Review: 4.0 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (7 customer reviews)
• Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #1,022,220 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

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Most Helpful Customer Reviews

19 of 22 people found the following review helpful

5.0 out of 5 stars A wonderful book of powerful literary criticism November 28, 2005

By Craig Matteson HALL OF FAMETOP 500 REVIEWER

Format:Hardcover

It is important to understand that this takes on the world of pop psychology as a subject for literary criticism rather than debating its medical claims, a subject for humorous satire, or by offering its own "therapy". Any of the alternatives would be justified and could have been successful, but I really do appreciate the serious way literary criticism is used in these essays because we get so little of it in our post-modern values-neutral deconstructionist non-judgmental age. Here, instead of a bunch of emotional ranting trying to pass as analysis we get an informed and reasoned approach that demonstrates the ways in which the world of pop psychology has inverted and misused literature from the past, contradicts itself, and actually creates a toxic interpersonal environment.

Stewart Justman teaches English at the University of Montana. He has written previously on psychology, studied at Columbia, and is an award winning essayist. He begins this book with an extended essay on the ways in which pop psychology is intertwined with the Utopian movement of the sixties. Not that one sprang from the other, but that the culture was ripe for both and the mis-readings of Utopian literature led to ignorant writings advocating unworkable system. He shows us how these advocates misuse even our Declaration of Independence and its right to the pursuit of happiness for a right to happiness! He notes that some claim this movement is rooted in American Individualism, but the author wonders if any individualist would so completely submit to the dictates of a Wayne Dyer, Steve Covey, or a Phil McGraw (among countless others)....

He goes through a series of seven chapters demonstrating how this literature inverts traditional values and puts its adherents in even greater isolation and dependency. We go through blame, guilt, obligation, patience, choice, morality, and self-transformation. He shows us how serious psychologists such as Maslow and Laing extend us into a narcissistic world where all relationships are about "me" and even children become accoutrements! Where we must realize that all relationships in our life, our family, our religion are all toxic, EXCEPT for our dependency upon our therapist or guru (again, Dyer, Covey, McGraw, and more).

I think the strongest chapters are those devoted directly to literary criticism. Literature Rewritten and Constructing Stories are absolutely terrific and powerful. The author demonstrates the way the reader of this literature is manipulated. It demonstrates how the stories the literature uses also fail the requirements of art and why this important to understand.

The last chapter on liberal guilt is quite entertaining because the author shows how this is a guilt of discussion not emotion. If you actually feel the guilt you talk about something is then wrong and the emotion must be disposed of.

This is a very good book and I strongly recommend it. I hope college students get an opportunity to read it. Of course, having a professor of the quality of this author would help the class discussion a great deal. Still, this book can help any reader understand better so much of what is going on in our culture and why it is not only wrong, but very damaging to its adherents and their accoutrements. Read more ›

44 of 55 people found the following review helpful

2.0 out of 5 stars Angry Intellectual's Paradise: The Unreal World of Literary Criticism January 14, 2006

By Zen Nataraj

Format:Hardcover

I read this book after listening to the author in a radio talk show. On the air, his comments on the history of psychology were surprisingly vague; he was irritable, and rebuked callers (some therapists) who moderately tried to consider some benefits of pop psychology. Nonetheless, I reasoned, maybe the book is better...

It raises good points againt pop psychology: that it is solipsistic, blindly non-judgemental, immediatist, and formulaic. The author also makes interesting, even if loose, associations between pop psychology and the civil rights movement and classic Romanticism.

However, the author totally ignores the vast scholarship on individualism trends, counterculture and the New Age, and never considers what psychologists or readers may have to say about pop psychology. A textual analysis that reinvents the wheel, and ignores the producers and consumers of the cultural texts under consideration, is anything but persuasive.

Yet, what ultimately undermines the book is its excessively corrosive style. The essay basically is the outraged opinion of someone who read a bunch of self-help books and utterly hated them. With no further justifications, the author indulges in an overkill strategy of restless sarcasm that becomes quite tiring after a while. The angry essay unfortunately backfires on what could otherwise be a compelling critique of pop psychology.

For a balanced analysis, Anthony Giddens' "Transformation of Intimacy" considers pop psychology in the context of social reflexivity and growing demands for interpretations of the self. Anthony D'Andrea examines pop body therapies and New Age spiritualities in the book "Global Nomads: New Age and Techno as Transnational Countercultures...."

[PS: curious how low-starred reviews tend to be voted "unhelpful", regardless of their intrinsic merit...] Read more ›

8 of 10 people found the following review helpful

4.0 out of 5 stars A Much Needed Balance to the World of Self Help January 26, 2006

By bronx book nerd VINE™ VOICE

Format:Hardcover

Justman clearly exposes many of the contradictions and outright bouts of logical errors found in self-help tomes. He rightly describes the way self-help authors seek to estalish themselves as your one true friend, while accusing the rest of the world, especially your parents and any traditional insitutions, of conspiring to make you unhappy. Today's self help gurus rant against tradition and the past, while blindly building on the past tradition of the self help movement. I give Justman 4 stars because I think there are some self-help books, authors and techniques that can be useful. Not all of them can be pigeonholed as snake oil. Anyone who reads self-help books should read Fool's Paradise to get a different perspective on the subject. I would also recommned Paul Pearsall's The Last Self-Help Book You'll Ever Need. Pearsall, a practicing psychologist, offers critique's of self-help backed up by studies, while at the same time allowing for self-help to be, well, helpful.

1 of 1 people found the following review helpful

5.0 out of 5 stars Erudite, Literary Debunking of Pop Psychology Self-Help Writers January 1, 2011

By B. Davidson

Format:Hardcover

Without even needing to resort to the scientific evidence against the ideas of pop psychology (especially its emphasis on self-esteem), this book presents a devastating critique of such writers as Wayne Dyer, Scott Peck, and Dr. Phil. Justman makes use of great literature to show just how shallow pop psychology's doctrines and ideas about human nature are. He also shows the obvious self-contradictions of these writers. One is their claim to be on the reader's side against all authority, all the while maintaining their own unquestioned authority and pontificating on self-realization and the evils of Western society. Interestingly, Justman shows how the claims of pop psychology grew out of the utopian fantasies of the 60s and 70s and are similarly totally out of line with reality. Another unrealistic, irrational element is their view that jettisoning morality will result in more moral people. Yet the total selfishness they advocate can hardly be expected to produce more ethical people (as in fact it hasn't). Finally, self-help book writers reject tradition yet plagiarize and parrot each other's advice, showing they have established their own kind of conventional wisdom. A brilliant debunking of this widespread nonsense.