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Fundamentalism and American Culture: The Shaping of Twentieth-Century Evangelicalism, 1870-1925 (Galaxy Books)
 
 
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Fundamentalism and American Culture: The Shaping of Twentieth-Century Evangelicalism, 1870-1925 (Galaxy Books) [Paperback]

George M. Marsden (Author)
4.8 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (10 customer reviews)


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Book Description

0195030834 978-0195030839 March 25, 1982
Many American's today are taking note of the surprisingly strong political force that is the religious right. Controversial decisions by the government are met with hundreds of lobbyists, millions of dollars of advertising spending, and a powerful grassroots response. How has the fundamentalist movement managed to resist the pressures of the scientific community and the draw of modern popular culture to hold on to their ultra-conservative Christian views? Understanding the movement's history is key to answering this question. Fundamentalism and American Culture has long been considered a classic in religious history, and to this day remains unsurpassed. Now available in a new edition, this highly regarded analysis takes us through the full history of the origin and direction of one of America's most influential religious movements.
For Marsden, fundamentalists are not just religious conservatives; they are conservatives who are willing to take a stand and to fight. In Marsden's words (borrowed by Jerry Falwell), "a fundamentalist is an evangelical who is angry about something." In the late nineteenth century American Protestantism was gradually dividing between liberals who were accepting new scientific and higher critical views that contradicted the Bible and defenders of the more traditional evangelicalism. By the 1920s a full-fledged "fundamentalist" movement had developed in protest against theological changes in the churches and changing mores in the culture. Building on networks of evangelists, Bible conferences, Bible institutes, and missions agencies, fundamentalists coalesced into a major protest movement that proved to have remarkable staying power.
For this new edition, a major new chapter compares fundamentalism since the 1970s to the fundamentalism of the 1920s, looking particularly at the extraordinary growth in political emphasis and power of the more recent movement. Never has it been more important to understand the history of fundamentalism in our rapidly polarizing nation. Marsen's carefully researched and engrossing work remains the best way to do just that.
--This text refers to an alternate Paperback edition.


Editorial Reviews

Review


"Superb...to be recommended to all students of early twentieth-century culture and religion."--American Historical Review


"Will quickly be recognized by historians as the single most important study of fundamentalism."--History: Reviews of New Books


"Remarkable for the range, richness, and balance of its interpretations....Marsden's work on fundamentalism represents the very best in this genre. It will not, for a very long time, be surpassed or superseded."--William R. Hutchison, Harvard Divinity School


"Scholarship at its best."--Religious Studies Review


"A remarkable accomplishment....Stands among the half-dozen or so most significant books I have read in American religious history."--Nathan O. Hatch, University of Notre Dame


About the Author

George M. Marsden, Professor of History, University of Notre Dame.

Product Details

  • Paperback: 320 pages
  • Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA (March 25, 1982)
  • Language: English
  • ISBN-10: 0195030834
  • ISBN-13: 978-0195030839
  • Product Dimensions: 8 x 5.4 x 0.7 inches
  • Shipping Weight: 8 ounces
  • Average Customer Review: 4.8 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (10 customer reviews)
  • Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #1,046,896 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

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Average Customer Review
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52 of 54 people found the following review helpful:
5.0 out of 5 stars Objective, Fair, and fearless, October 3, 2003
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This review is from: Fundamentalism and American Culture: The Shaping of Twentieth-Century Evangelicalism, 1870-1925 (Galaxy Books) (Paperback)
The thesis of this book parallels that of George Marsden's similar book on American culture, Religion and American Culture, that Fundamentalism shaped and was shaped by the surrounding culture. Marsden builds upon the work of earlier historians of Fundamentalism, namely that of Ernest Sandeen's book The Roots of Fundamentalism: British and American Millenarianism. Sandeen's thesis is that Fundamentalism is the outgrowth of the "millenarian" movement that developed in late nineteenth-century American, especially through Bible institutes and conferences concerning the interpretation of biblical prophecies. Sandeen's thesis, according to Marsden, has much to commend it in connecting millenarianism and Princeton theology to the movement; however, it does not deal adequately with the militant anti-modernistic slant of the movement. Fundamentalism can briefly be defined as militant anti-modernist Protestantism that took on its own identity as a patchwork coalition of representatives of other movements.
Overview of the Book
Marsden divides his book into three sections (these sections are different in intent than the above themes. Marsden uses these sections to expand on his themes), Evangelicalism before Fundamentalism, the Shaping of Fundamentalism as a Movement, and the Crucial Years in which it gained popularity and its subsequent exodus of public life. In understanding the rise of Fundamentalism at the end of the nineteenth-century one must understand the backdrop from which it arose-nineteenth-century evangelicalism.
Conclusion
Marsden concludes the book by re-emphasizing his definition of Fundamentalism as a militant anti-modernist conservative force. For Marsden this should be the starting point for defining the movement. Militant anti-modernism applies to all types of Fundamentalism and any definition that goes beyond this must have qualifiers so that false stereotypes are not applied to the wrong group. As an Evangelical I enjoyed this book as I saw where the mind-set of conservatives and liberals developed. I also learned to what extent my own beliefs were influenced by this movement. I suggest that this book be read alongside another book on the shaping of American Christianity for a full understanding. I would also like to see an analysis of Fundamentalism from a more mainline perspective, although I believe Marsden is objective in this work. My main qualm with this book is in Part Three. In discussing the peak and soon-to-come fall of Fundamentalism, Marsden tried to put too many ideas into too few words. To keep up with him I had to re-analyze several chapters. However, due to the length of the book already, I can understand his attempt to save space. I would recommend this book to people of all political and religious persuasions so that they may have a fair understanding of this branch of early twentieth-century American religion.
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30 of 31 people found the following review helpful:
5.0 out of 5 stars Engrossing, Engaging and Well Researched, August 31, 2006
George Marsden's biography of Jonathan Edwards was so well written that I decided to read more of his stuff. This book on fundamentalism is a classic. Many scholars of Christian fundamentalism paint with too broad a brush, often lumping evangelicals into the fundy camp. Marsden avoids this mistake. He also acknowledges what many do not, that the fundamentalism of the post WWI era took on a much harsher and more separatistic tone.

Marsden does a nice of discussing some of the towering figures of the movement: D.L Moody, R.A Torrey, Arno Gaebelein, J, Gresham Machen, Jonathan Blanchard and Charles Blanchard (the President of Wheaton College). He shows how early fundamentalists like R.A Torrey and W.H Griffith Thomas thought that evangelical zeal should be coupled with social concern. Marsden also highlights the fundamentalist disdain over the more liberal Social Gospel, which jettisoned evangelism completely.

We also get to see the fundamentalists like Billy Sunday and William Jennings Bryan, who were concerned about people coming to know Christ, but not quite as concerned about people coming to know more about the doctrinal content of Christianity. This was a major concern of the evangelical Princeton theologians (BB Warfield, Charles Hodge, and J. Gresham Machen).

There is also a newer chapter in this edition that traces the development of fundamentalism from 1980 to the present day. In this chaoter, Marsden also takes himself to task for not discussing how the relaxed mores of the "Roaring Twenties" alarmed the fundamentalist community, nor did her mention the role of women in the fundamentalist movement of 1871-1925.

But these criticisms duly noted, I still like the book very much and commend it to those interested in religious movements.

Rev. Marc Axelrod
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12 of 13 people found the following review helpful:
4.0 out of 5 stars Quality History of an Important Period of American History, June 30, 2004
By 
This review is from: Fundamentalism and American Culture: The Shaping of Twentieth-Century Evangelicalism, 1870-1925 (Galaxy Books) (Paperback)
The reviews above by Aitkin and Huchison are very helpful, but I felt it was important to add two points. The fourth part- Interpretations- deals with scholarly understanding of the movement within American Chistianity called fundamentalism. I found this to be especially helpful, a careful synthesis and interaction with the most important scholarly work in this area. I also found it to be a good demonstration of how a christian can do "history" with scholarly integrity. In this part, he also gives some interesting authors worth looking at later, of which he interacts. The last two pages of the book, the Epilogue, is something of Marsden's philosophy of history, and how it relates to theology and faith. Again, very worthwhile, and something I will share with friends who also have an interest in Christians doing scholarly work in history, He is always fair and evenhanded. In my opinion, the book is soild throughout, and very readable. Yet I learned more from the last fifty pages than the preceeding chapters.
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Inside This Book (learn more)
First Sentence:
In 1870 almost all American Protestants thought of America as a Christian nation. Read the first page
Key Phrases - Statistically Improbable Phrases (SIPs): (learn more)
premillennial movement, revivalist evangelicalism, fundamentalist experience, holiness teachings, revivalist evangelicals, holiness views, holiness teachers, prophetic conference, fundamentalist controversy, dispensational premillennialism, evangelical heritage, prophecy conference, prophetic studies, fundamentalist thought, fundamentalist leaders, holiness groups, revivalist tradition, victorious life, fundamentalist movement, holiness movement
Key Phrases - Capitalized Phrases (CAPs): (learn more)
Holy Spirit, New York, New England, Civil War, The King's Business, New Testament, William Jennings Bryan, General Assembly, Old Testament, Great Reversal, United States, Baptist Bible Union, Moody Bible Institute, Reuben Torrey, Northern Baptist Convention, Our Hope, American Protestants, Henry Ward Beecher, Old School, Billy Sunday, Christian Century, Evangelical Alliance, Princeton Seminary, American Protestantism, Divinity School
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