"Successful generation and cost-effective dissemination of IPM requires a participatory approach that recognizes the comparative advantage of various participants (farmers, national and international scientists, extension workers, policy makers, input suppliers) and the importance of the environment in its many dimensions (natural resource, social, cultural, economic, and institutional)."
(Chapter 1)
"There is sometimes a debate about the value of research conducted by scientists versus farmers.... the reality is that an effective IPM research program often involves farmers, scientists from national experiment stations, university scientists, the international scientific community, public extension workers, extension workers at NGOs, and others. It is not a question of farmer-led research versus experiment station research. The question is how to optimally involve all the players who might contribute to a successful IPM program. Each player has an appropriate role and the successful program recognizes how to sequence components and interactions among them. Scientists will achieve little success in solving pest management problems without involving farmers, and farmers, even working closely with extension workers and other technically trained people, will make limited progress without input from upstream scientists."
(Chapter 2)
George W. Norton is professor of agricultural and applied economics at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, where he focuses on research evaluation, integrated pest management, and economic development. He has served as Technical Chair of the IPM CRSP for the past 10 years, and been involved in long-term IPM research in the United States, Asia and Latin America. The IPM CRSP is a large international IPM program funded by USAID with roughly 80 U.S. and international scientists involved. He has published numerous articles and reports on economic evaluation of IPM programs and has published three books:
Introduction to Economics of Agricultural Development, McGraw Hill, 1993 (with Jeff Alwang),
Science Under Scarcity: Principles and Practice for Agricultural Research Evaluation and Priority Setting, Cornell University Press, 1995 (with Julian Alston and Philip Pardey), and
Agricultural Productivity: Measurement and Sources of Growth, Kluwer, 2002 (with V. Eldon Ball).
E. A. Heinrichs is an entomologist with expertise in IPM. His research focus has been on the integration of resistant crop varieties with other control tactics in pest management systems. His crop emphasis has been tropical rice. He has worked in many countries and has long-term experience in agricultural development programs in Asia, South America and Africa. E. A. Heinrichs is Interim Program Director of the IPM CRSP. He has expertise in the development of IPM training programs and Farmer Field Schools for extending agricultural technology to extension workers and farmers. His research has been published in more than 300 scientific articles, and he is the author of nine books. Heinrichs, E. A. 1972. Field Crop Pests. University of Tennessee Contract AID/nesa; Heinrichs, E. A., H. Rapusas, and F. Medrano. 1985. Genetic Evaluation for Insect Resistance in Rice. E. A. Heinrichs is Interim Program Director of the IPM CRSP. Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines. 356 p.; Reissig, W. H., E. A. Heinrichs, J. A. Litsinger, K. Moody, L. Fiedler, T. W. Mew, and A. A. Barrion. 1985. Illustrated Guide to the Integrated Management of Rice Pests in Tropical Asia. International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines. 411 p.; Heinrichs, E. A. (ed.). 1988. Plant Stress-Insect Interactions. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, NY. 492 p.; Heinrichs, E. A. and T. A. Miller (eds.). l991. Rice Insects: Management Strategies. Springer-Verlag, New York. 347 p.; Heinrichs, E. A. (ed.). 1994. Biology and Management of Rice Insects. Wiley Eastern, New Delhi. 779 p.; Dhaliwal, G. S. and E. A. Heinrichs (eds.). 1998. Critical Issues in Pest Management. 287 p.; Heinrichs, E. A. and A. Barrion. 2003. Rice Feeding Insects and Selected Natural Enemies in West Africa. IRRI/WARDA (in press).
Gregory C. Luther is an entomologist with extensive experience in IPM research and extension. He has served as Assistant Program Director for the IPM CRSP in the Office of International Research, Education, and Development at Virginia Tech for the past six years. He was also Curriculum Development Specialist for the IPM in Smallholder Estate Crops Project in Indonesia in 2000-2002. His crop experience includes a wide variety of vegetable, legume and estate crops. He has worked in Asia, Africa, Eastern Europe and the USA. He has experience with the entire research-extension continuum in a developing country context, as he has transferred many of his research results to farmers by developing training materials for and participating in farmer field schools. In addition, he has trained SE Asian governmental and NGO staff in IPM and agro-ecology. He has published journal articles on IPM, and extension books for farmers and trainers on biological control (http://www.mamud.com/beneficials.htm).
Michael E. Irwin is an award-winning Professor of Entomology at the University of Illinois. He has extensive international experience in crop protection, and recognized as a leading expert on insect ecology, plant virus epidemiology, and soybean insect pest management, especially for developing countries. Current research focuses on the interchange of biota between managed and natural systems, on understanding the complex aspects of aphid migration, and on elucidating the phylogenic relationships of stiletto flies and other families of Asiloidea. He is an Honorary Fellow of the California Academy of Sciences and has served on numerous boards and panels for scientific and international organizations, including current membership as an external member of the Technical Committee of the IPM CRSP. He has published numerous articles and books.
