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A Great Leap Forward: 1930s Depression and U.S. Economic Growth (Yale Series in Economic and Financial History) [Hardcover]

Alexander J. Field Ph.D.
4.4 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (5 customer reviews)


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Book Description

April 26, 2012 Yale Series in Economic and Financial History
This bold re-examination of the history of U.S. economic growth is built around a novel claim, that productive capacity grew dramatically across the Depression years (1929-1941) and that this advance provided the foundation for the economic and military success of the United States during the Second World War as well as for the golden age (1948-1973) that followed.

Alexander J. Field takes a fresh look at growth data and concludes that, behind a backdrop of double-digit unemployment, the 1930s actually experienced very high rates of technological and organizational innovation, fueled by the maturing of a privately funded research and development system and the government-funded build-out of the country's surface road infrastructure. This signficant new volume in the Yale Series in Economic and Financial History invites new discussion of the causes and consequences of productivity growth over the past century and a half and of our current prospects.


Editorial Reviews

Review

"...masterpiece....one of the best economics books of the last ten years...one of the best books on the Depression...the only economic interpretation of WWII that makes sense... must reads of the year."--Tyler Cowen, Marginal Revolution

" ...an extraordinary new book ..." --James Surowiecki, The New Yorker

“Fundamentally rewrite[s] the economic history of the US….Highly recommended.”—Choice
(Choice )

“Alex Field in this pathbreaking book overturns one myth after another about American economic history.  His most important contribution is to unleash the saga of American economic growth from the simplistic story that investment automatically begets growth.  He contrasts the 1920s, with high investment that ended in the collapse of a stock market bubble, with the 1930s when investment had collapsed and yet innovations continued and the world was changed forever.  The 1930s ended with foundations of the standard of living lacking 10 years earlier, including streamlined autos with automatic transmissions, a vastly expanded highway network including the Bay Area bridges and the Hoover dam, diesel railroad locomotives replacing steam, and the transcendant revolution in the motion picture industry created by the 1939 productions of "Gone With the Wind" and "The Wizard of Oz."  This book will change forever standard views of which decade's growth was most dynamic, and why.”—Robert J. Gordon, Northwestern University

(Robert J. Gordon 20101123)

"[O]ne of the most important technical economics books of this decade."—David Henderson,  Policy Review
(David Henderson Policy Review )

. . . adds new evidence for the productive role of public spending. It also changes our view of what happened in the American economy during the 1930s, when military investment was not a driving force.”—Fred Block, American Prospect  (Fred Block American Prospect )

“Field poses and attempts to answer interesting questions using straightforward number-crunching and reasoning, rather than resorting to obscure mathematics or advanced statistics. The result is a book that represents the best of what economics can be.”—Arnold Kling, The American
(Arnold Kling The American )

“Alex Field begins his provocative new book with the proposition that beneath the misery of the Great Depression, the 1930s were in fact “the most technologically progressive decade of the century.”  This counterintuitive finding launches Field on a vigorous new interpretation of U.S. economic history in the twentieth century.  His narrative is firmly rooted in the quantitative record, yet always accessible and full of surprises.  Everyone concerned about the American economy (past and present) should read this book.”—Gavin Wright, Stanford University

(Gavin Wright 20101217)

“Eight decades later, the debacle of the Great Depression still fascinates many Americans – and for good reason.  Alexander Field’s new book is a major contribution to our understanding of what went wrong and what the country did to fix it.  His finding that the technology of American industry advanced unusually rapidly under the New Deal is an especially valuable corrective to a variety of views held by economists and the general public alike.”—Benjamin M. Friedman, Harvard University
(Benjamin Friedman 20101010)

“Field has written a fine, well-argued book on the history of productivity in the United States, with a focus on the Great Depression. Was the Depression caused by an adverse productivity shock? Or was rapid productivity in the 1930s caused by the Depression? Everyone interested in the Depression or in technology shocks as important short-run macroeconomic events should read this book.”—Peter Temin, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
(Peter Temin 20101123)

“As we sit mired in the The Great Recession, Alexander Field’s exciting reappraisal of The Great Depression offers surprising solace.  By showing the Great Depression was coupled with the most rapid technological advance in US history, he fundamentally recasts the history of the 1930s.  But he also offers hope that our own depression likely will have no long run costs to the US economy.”—Gregory Clark, University of California, Davis 
(Gregory Clark 20101217)

“[P]athbreaking… [t]he ‘new growth narrative’ offered in A Great Leap Forward allows readers to see the familiar in a different way.”—Paul Rhode, eh.net
(eh.net )

"... makes valuable and novel contributions to our understanding of the Great Depression and the Second World War ... highly recommended..."—Jason Taylor, Journal of Economic History
(Jason Taylor Journal of Economic History )

"... an exemplary demonstration of how careful and imaginative use of statistical information can revise deeply entrenched ideas about the past…. this book breaks new ground. Teachers of twentieth-century American history should read Field’s book for its totally convincing demolition of the folklore history idea that World War II was good for the American people because it ended the Great Depression and created the basis for the mass consumer prosperity that followed the war." —Ronald Edsforth, Journal of American History
(Ronald Edsforth Journal of American History )

Winner of the 2012 Alice Hanson Jones Biennial Prize, sponsored by the Economic History Association
(2012 Alice Hanson Jones Biennial Prize Economic History Association 20121002)

"According to Alexander Field in A Great Leap Forward, the 1930s were, in the aggregate, the most technologically progressive of any comparable period in U.S. economic history. . . . It requires some patience, reflection, and time to wrap one's mind around this perplexing assertion. It goes against everything historians know about the 1930s. If, by the end of Field's book, you're not convinced, you'll at least be sympathetic to the idea. Field makes that good a case."—Howard Bodenhorn, Business History Review 
(Howard Bodenhorn Business History Review )

From the Author

Readers may be interested in this book chat I did with David Leonhardt of the New York Times on April 12, 2011.  Amazon's system does not allow hyperlinks in this section, but if you copy and paste the url into your browser it will take you to it.

economix.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/04/12/when-hard-times-led-to-a-boom/
 

Readers may also be interested in this link to a video of a presentation I made at the book launch event. The video sets forth my central argument, and includes pictures.  It's made with a system that allows you to switch between or resize the talking head and the powerpoint windows.  Again, you will need to copy and paste the url into your browser to view it.

ammsweb.scu.edu/webcasts/126/20110405-173002-Room126e1/index.htm# 


-- Alex Field

Product Details

  • Hardcover: 400 pages
  • Publisher: Yale University Press (April 26, 2012)
  • Language: English
  • ISBN-10: 0300151098
  • ISBN-13: 978-0300151091
  • Product Dimensions: 6.1 x 1.3 x 9.2 inches
  • Shipping Weight: 1.6 pounds
  • Average Customer Review: 4.4 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (5 customer reviews)
  • Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #775,227 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

More About the Author

Alexander J. Field is the Michel and Mary Orradre Professor of Economics at Santa Clara University and Executive Director of the Economic History Association.

Customer Reviews

4.4 out of 5 stars
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4.4 out of 5 stars
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Most Helpful Customer Reviews
12 of 13 people found the following review helpful
4.0 out of 5 stars a bit dry, but quite interesting September 15, 2011
Format:Hardcover|Amazon Verified Purchase
This book focuses on total factor productivity (TFP), that is increased productivity that flows from neither an increase in labor or in capital. TFP soared during the Great Depression, a period usually associated with economic stagnation. Business investment was down and everyone was unemployed, but productivity continued to rise. This book investigates the causes, among them the build out of our now failing road, bridge and tunnel system and the rise of industrial research and development labs. It also investigates the fall of TFP in the 70s, which interestingly correlates with the final roll out of the interstate highway system and decreased regulation.

To be honest, it's a dry read, written in an academic style, and it assumes some familiarity with the various databases used in the analysis. Since I've poked around the bls.gov and bea.gov a bit, I could follow things, but others may find themselves marooned. It's also properly cautious. Most popular books on economics start with a coin toss landing heads and build an entire edifice about our unbalanced economy on it. This book speaks more moderately, opening avenues for thought and investigation. I enjoyed it a great deal. If you are looking for food for thought and don't mind stretching a bit, you might enjoy it as well.

(If you are used to reading this kind of work, count this as five stars. I had to deduct one as a warning to the otherwise unprepared reader.)
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2 of 2 people found the following review helpful
By MT57
Format:Hardcover|Amazon Verified Purchase
The Depression seems to be something that most economists have to confront at some point in their career. Several memes have developed over time in the dialectic among economists, historians and the education system that disseminates their views. When you think nothing new could be said, along comes this book, which is genuinely novel in its focus and its claims, presenting extremely detailed in-depth research, analysis and synthesis of economic data in US history, principally but not exclusively 1929-1941, in support of the proposition that the era was one of dramatic growth in productivity, which partly influences total employment in that period but more importantly lays the foundation for economic growth post-WWII. It is quite convincing to a lay reader, although it is beyond my circumstances to interrogate the data on my own and I am also not familiar with most of the sources relied on. The principal focus is on the private, nonfarm economy: manufacturing, R&D,etc. Amazing statistic: in contrast with the plunge in general employment during the 1930s, employment of scientists and other R&D personnel quadrupled in the same period. It would be interesting to go back a couple of decades and investigate the connection between that and the growth in educational institutions.

In addition to the close analysis of productivty growth in the 1930s, there is a fantastic discussion of economic aspects of WWII. The leading narrative of mainstream economic history credits federal spending on WWII as pulling the US out of the Depression and this book offers a compelling and mainly skeptical perspective on that, arguing that the productivity gains of the 1930 had been well integrated into the economy and strong growth would have occurred had WWII not intervened; reminding us, for example, that unemployment fell from 14% to 9% in the year before Pearl Harbor, even though the military buildup of that period accounted for less than 2% of the economy.

The last third or so of the book seemed a bit disjointed. There was a discussion of the viability of the "general-purpose technology" literature that was interesting on its own but something of a tangent; a couple of chapters on real estate development in the interwar period that were more relevant but not quite as sophisticated as the sections on productivity (the thesis is that land use regulation mitigates the adverse portion of economic cycles, but many believe that land use regulation also drives structure prices up substantially and thus causes the upside in the economic cycle to spike and thus contributes to cyclicality, merely in a different phase, and this offsetting consequence is not discussed at all). An interesting section of railroads shows that industries can adapt and improve their efficiency in a depression and create some "silver lining" effect, but he is clear that the silver lining is not worth the depression in his opinion.

Also, stuck in the middle of the last few chapters is a relatively weak and unoriginal section on the financial crisis of the last few years (he invokes Rajan and Minsky, and blames lax regulation, but there is very little data and independent analysis which is why I say it is relatively weak and unoriginal, regardless of its merits; he also does not reference, and I commend to him, the views developed in Guaranteed To Fail and Engineering the Financial Crisis, that regulation was not merely lax but affirmatively shoved the financial system into overlending against real estate and its derivatives).

As for the reader experience, the book is data intensive, with many charts, tables, graphs, citations and a good deal of discussion of methodology on its own and in contrast with other researchers. It reminded me of the experience of reading This Time Is Different. Both books contain copious amount of data presentation that are beyond the average lay reader's ability to verify or critique. Still, as with that work, the lay reader can follow the text satisfactorily and come away with substantial insights.
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7 of 10 people found the following review helpful
4.0 out of 5 stars Counter-intuitive and interesting history May 15, 2011
Format:Hardcover
Summer is almost here and many of you are thinking about summer reads. Consider something deeper read than your normal beach novel: A Great Leap Forward: 1930s Depression and U.S. Economic Growth.

Prof. Field is a globally-renowned expert on economic history and and a skillful author. This is serious history but written for all of us with clear examples and data.

Ask your friends for about their best guess for the most technologically progressive decade of the century. Bet them some money.

Then bring out your copy of A Great Leap Forward and show them the agruments for the years 1929-1941. I won't give away the story, but I can assure you that you will find opportunities to use the ideas in this book to put a positive spin on the current economic downturn.
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