Inherently safer plants begin with the initial design. Here is where integrity and reliability can be built in at the lowest cost, and with maximum effectiveness. This book focuses on process safety issues in the design of chemical, petrochemical, and hydrocarbon processing facilities. It discusses how to select designs that can prevent or mitigate the release of flammable or toxic materials, which could lead to a fire, explosion, or environmental damage. All engineers on the design team, the process hazard analysis team, and those who make basic decisions on plant design, will benefit from its comprehensive coverage, its organization, and the extensive references to literature, codes, and standards that accompany each chapter.
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"Years Of Uneventful Operation Usually Occur Before A Hazardous Condition Is Recognized.",
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This review is from: Guidelines for Engineering Design for Process Safety (Hardcover)
"Guidelines for Engineering Design for Process Safety" is a comprehensive introduction to inherently safer industrial processing plant design. Published by the Center for Chemical Process Safety, it covers everything from plant design (including a brief but very useful "Inherent Process Safety Checklist," pp. 44-46,) to equipment design, materials selection, piping systems, heat transfer fluid systems, process monitoring and control, electrical hazards, sources of ignition, fire protection, deflagration and detonation flame arresters, explosion protection, effluent disposal systems, and documentation.
The book focuses on hazard mitigation and managing unavoidable hazards. Optimally this book would be consulted prior to building a new plant, but has much of value for those working in existing plants as well. I thought the quotation from p. 343 was quite insightful: "Years of uneventful operation usually occur before a hazardous condition is recognized." So often people equate low accident rates and safety, but this book dispels that notion, and latent failures are covered in detail. One feature I particularly like about this book is the great list of references at the end of each chapter that deal specifically with that chapter's material. This is so much more helpful than a single giant reference section at the end of the book. Chapter six, "Piping Systems," is one of the best in the book. Not only does it discuss theoretical and practical design constraints (the book is especially strong on welding, gaskets, and flanges,) but discusses the advantages and disadvantages of different types of joints and valves with an eye toward reducing fugitive emissions, discussing fire safety and EPA requirements in the process. The hazards of bellows are also well covered, as are expansion joints and the issues inherent with them (e.g. squirm failure, etc.) Chapter nine, "Process Monitoring and Control," is also outstanding. The discussions of process sensitivity and process hazards, and redundancy and diversity of instrumentation are excellent, and the "Instrumentation and Control Checklist" on p. 293 is short but valuable. The discussions of automation, safety considerations, and interlocks are very lucid, and safety professionals from many diverse industries would benefit from reading this chapter. Chapter eleven, "Sources of Ignition" was another standout. This is an extremely complex and all-encompassing chapter. Many of the items discussed early in the chapter are of a fairly obvious nature (e.g. ignition from open flames, electrical sources, etc.) In short order the chapter delves into much more complex issues, and has perhaps the best discussion of autoignition I have ever read. My eyes were opened to ignition sources I had not ever considered: p. 342 gives a wide range of nonpyrophoric items that may autoignite at room temperature or less in certain circumstances. These items varied from ferrous oxide to fish scraps (ignition was highly variable to initial conditions.) It's this kind of unintuitive information that makes this book such a valuable reference to safety managers and engineers. Though published in 1993, this is still an extremely useful reference to people working in the process industries, especially the chemical and petroleum industries. I now focus on aviation safety, but there are more similarities than dissimilarities, and I found the book insightful. I was previously the Production Manager for a chemical manufacturing company, and I wish I owned this book then. I recommend it highly for those concerned with safety in any type of processing environment.
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