The author's father, a civil engineer, left Poland for the Soviet Union in 1931. An idealistic communist, he believed it was his duty to emigrate, and to contribute to the building of a new society. His wife and his infant son followed soon after. In 1938 he was arrested and sent to a GULAG camp in Kolyma, where he became a slave in Stalin's state of proletarian dictatorship. Two years later he died, most likely from exhaustion, working in a gold mine. In this book The author, who is a retired physics professor (Professor Emeritus at Montclair State University, New Jersey), shares what he knows and thinks about Stalinism. Educated in the Soviet Union (elementary school), in Poland (high school and master's degree) and in France (Ph.D. in nuclear physics), he came to the United States in 1964. He deliberately avoided talking about Stalinism and concentrated on professional activities--teaching and research. Approaching retirement, however, he wrote an essay on Stalinism entitled "Alaska Notes." It describes the gruesome Soviet reality, focusing on Kolyma, and on Stalin's inner circle. The essay contained comments on what has been published by some survivors of Stalinism, and by authors of several scholarly books, such as Leszek Kolakowski. "Alaska Notes" was posted on the Internet discussion list at Montclair State University. This public forum revealed a wide range of opinions about communism. The animated discussion, mostly among professors, convinced the author to transform the essay into this book. It is dedicated to all victims of Stalinism, and in particular to the author's father, a naive idealist deceived by propaganda. Royalties will be donated to a Montclair State University scholarship fund.
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Ludwik Kowalski turned 80 in October 2011. Born in Poland, educated in the USSR, Poland and France, he came to the USA in 1964 with a doctorate (Sorbonne) in nuclear physics. After his first four years as a postdoc at Columbia University, he became a professor at Montclair State University. He is the author and co-author of well over one hundred publications and conference presentation (see Wikipedia). Ludwik and his wife Linda--they were married in 1967--live in Fort Lee, New Jersey. They have one daughter and one granddaughter.
Ludwik's father, a civil engineer in Poland, left for the Soviet Union in 1931. An idealistic communist, he believed it was his duty to emigrate, and to contribute to the building of a new society. In 1938 he was arrested and sent to a Gulag camp, where he died two years later, at the age of 36. This did not prevent the young Ludwik from becoming a dedicated Stalinist and a communist party member after returning to Poland. Two of his books, "Hell on Earth," published in 2008, based on numerous references, and "Tyranny to Freedom," published in 2009, based on diaries written in Poland, France, and the United States. are devoted to reflections on communist ideology. The first book describes facts with which young Americans are not always familiar; the second traces Ludwik's evolution from one extreme to another, from a devoted communist to an active anti-communist.
Ludwik's father, a civil engineer in Poland, left for the Soviet Union in 1931. An idealistic communist, he believed it was his duty to emigrate, and to contribute to the building of a new society. In 1938 he was arrested and sent to a Gulag camp, where he died two years later, at the age of 36. This did not prevent the young Ludwik from becoming a dedicated Stalinist and a communist party member after returning to Poland. Two of his books, "Hell on Earth," published in 2008, based on numerous references, and "Tyranny to Freedom," published in 2009, based on diaries written in Poland, France, and the United States. are devoted to reflections on communist ideology. The first book describes facts with which young Americans are not always familiar; the second traces Ludwik's evolution from one extreme to another, from a devoted communist to an active anti-communist.
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4 of 4 people found the following review helpful:
4.0 out of 5 stars
A Good Read For The Times,
By
This review is from: HELL ON EARTH: Brutality and Violence Under The Stalinist Regime (Paperback)
Those readers who have a limited knowledge of the terrors of Stalinism will undoubtedly benefit from reading Ludwik Kowalski's book. It is unfortunate today that when one discusses "dictators" or "totalitarianism," it is Adolf Hitler that seems to come to mind for most people yet, compared to Joseph Stalin and his fellow Communist colleagues, Hitler was a piker. (For support of this assertion, I direct the reader to Dr. Rudy Rummel's website at www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/welcome.html where this retired political scientist keeps track of such statistics.) Those who argue that Hitler was much worse than Stalin when it came to mass killings may have to rethink their view.For the author of "Hell on Earth," this assuredly is a very personal book. Kowalski's father was an idealistic Communist who left his native Poland to help create the "Great New Society" in the Soviet Union. Later arrested by Soviet authorities and sent to a labor camp, he died while working in a gold mine. It seems to be the author's conclusion that his father's death was the result of being a naive idealist deceived by Communist propaganda. If that is so, it certainly was not the first time (nor probably will it be the last time) that a young gullible idealist was sucked into the lies and deceptions that constitute the practical reality of the Marxist-Leninist political philosophy. (During the 1930s and 1940s, there were a few reporters for the "New York Times" and other publications, not to mention many American "intellectuals," who were similarly deceived, as I recall.) One of the most interesting features of the book are the comments by some (mostly professors) who take issue with Kowalski about the terrors of Stalinism and the death-statistics he presents. One can only draw the conclusion that there are some naive idealists still out there who apparently cannot recognize and accept the Soviet failures and the realities of living under a Communist system of totalitarianism. But, like the traditional universal skeptic in academic philosophy, some people simply cannot acknowledge the truth or the possibility of obtaining it. Although I have no problem at all with the content of this book, -- indeed, I substantially agree with its findings and conclusions -- the writing style is sometimes problematic. That does not, however, detract from the importance of the work and I recommend reading it, especially to those readers who are not intimately acquainted with the terrors of Stalin's regime.
3 of 3 people found the following review helpful:
5.0 out of 5 stars
Stalinism was Hell on Earth,
By
This review is from: HELL ON EARTH: Brutality and Violence Under The Stalinist Regime (Paperback)
On page 23 Professor Kowalski quotes a Mark Kramer article comparing the way various nations have dealt with their atrocities:". . . but it was not until the 1960s and afterward that most Germans truly acknowledged the enormity of Nazi Germany's crimes. "In France today, many citizens are still reluctant to look closely at the Vichy period; in Austria many people still pretend that their country was a victim of Nazi aggression; and in Japan political leaders still frequently downplay the atrocities committed by Japanese troops in China, Korea, and Manchuria in the 1930s and 1940s. In the United States, too, many tragic aspects of history - the enslavement of blacks, the campaigns against American Indians, and the internment of Japanese-Americans at the start of World war II - have often been glossed over. Difficult as the process of historical reckoning may be for these Western countries, it is even more onerous in Russia. . . ." As reprehensible as the acts of other nations were, nothing compares to the enormity of the atrocities committed during the Nazi and Stalinist regimes. The magnitude of the slaughter is almost beyond comprehending. Perhaps as much as anything, Kowalski is concerned about the fact that so little is being said about the Soviet crimes. We have book after book about Hitler's "final solution." We know who was responsible at almost every level. We have philosophical speculation about why it happened. I think especially of Hannah Arendt's Eichmann in Jerusalem, the Banality of Evil. But we only have bits and pieces about the Soviet atrocities. Survivors tell their tales, mass graves are speculated about, leaders who once followed Stalin subsequently denounce him, but there doesn't seem to be any soul searching such as there has been in Europe. In Germany and France many still don't want to think about what their parents and relatives did during the Nazi period, but others are speculating and trying to come to terms with what happened? Why did it happen? Why did they go along with the Nazis? Why did they become complicit? One can understand why the ordinary members of new generations don't want to dwell on such matters, but someone must strive to understand. For if we don't understand why we engaged in the evil of the past, what assurance do we have that our descendants won't succumb to something similar in the future? We can compare Hitler to Nebuchadnezzar. He declared himself equal to God. Okay, we might say, if we are objective enough, you have given yourself god-like powers, Hitler. It is you now who decides what is good and evil and not the Christian God. Let's see how well you do. In retrospect we must say that Hitler didn't do at all well. Many of his presuppositions were based upon shoddy science. He had a wrong conception of racial differences and the uniqueness of the Germans, and his political and military systems were too oppressive to be borne for long. Nice try, Hitler, but you set your sights too high. You never became equal to God. Stalin was a slightly different matter. He didn't think himself equal to God. He thought his "system" was superior to Christianity - or Marx and Lenin did before him and he accepted their philosophies. All he had to do was manage the "system" and the Proletarian revolution would be a great success. Individuals, even large groups of them were not as important as the Communist system. The Communist vanguard started out small so its tactics needed, Stalin believed, to be ruthless. Killing or banishing those who might eventually disagree with Communism, was, he thought, only prudent. The Katyn Massacre is a perfect example of this thinking. Any opposition would be likely to come from the Polish officer corps so let's not dilly dally waiting to see what happens. Kill all the officers. One could do that sort of thing if one had the perfect system and if that system was superior to and superseded Christianity. Christian rules of right and wrong were no longer valid. All that mattered was the perpetuation and progress of the Communist agenda. It is remarkable that huge numbers of Stalinist defenders in Russia are today busy "debunking the "myths" of Stalin's crimes. He committed no crimes, they tell us. Khrushchev and others lied about him. While this cottage industry of Stalin's defenders is busily at work, it is refreshing to read someone like Professor Kowalski who draws our attention back to the actual brutality and violence. Lawrence Helm www.lawrencehelm.com
1 of 1 people found the following review helpful:
5.0 out of 5 stars
A Great \Read,
By
This review is from: HELL ON EARTH: Brutality and Violence Under The Stalinist Regime (Paperback)
The author will take you along in his journey from his boyhood to the recollection of his beloved family. As Ludwik Kowalski takes the reader through places like the Russian concentration camps and the victims of Stalinism. He will provide the reader with an opportunity that you would not normally have! A Great Read!David I Wagner
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