Brilliant Classics has brought forth another winner with this set. Its lynchpin is the Adam Fischer survey of the 106 symphonies (plus the Sinfonia Concertante), which was originally recorded for Nimbus over 14 years, then rereleased by Brilliant Classics as a 33-disk set a few years ago then rereleased by
Brilliant Classics a few years ago. Alas, the program notes booklet included with the earlier Brilliant Classics set is not included here. Fischer's interpretations are historically informed, but use modern instruments, to generally good effect, though not as stunningly so as a period instrument specialist might. Still, it's a vast improvement over hearing these symphonies performed in a typical rendering by a modern orchestra using 19th/20th Century instruments, playing techniques, and ensemble sizes. Check out the reviews both here and on the Web of Fischer's set. The general consensus is that they're strong on the early symphonies and somewhat lackluster with the later, well-known symphonies (which were actually the first to be recorded, with No. 88 getting re-recorded by the ensemble at the end of the recording process, many years after it began).
One of the high points of this collection is the survey of Haydn's piano sonatas, performed on copies of period instruments by Bart van Oort, Ursula Dütschler, Stanley Hoogland and Yoshiko Kojima. The musicians acquit themselves quite well, though the occasional engineering error creeps in (in the Finale of Piano Sonata No. 38, you'll hear an editing error -- an extraneous note -- in the left channel at 1:52). The chromaticism and expressive depth of some of these sonatas is stunning, often in excess of that displayed by Haydn's orchestral music. As I listen through these sonatas, most of which are unfamiliar to me, I wonder why even the best of them are so seldom played nowadays. Perhaps the choice of instrument is crucial. Contrast the sound of Sonata. 46 (in A-flat major), with the repeated notes in the first movement, to that of a modern piano, and you'll see why listening to this music on a fortepiano can be so thrilling. Many of these pieces don't translate so well to the modern instrument, with its steel frame, triple treble strings, thousands of pounds of tension, a long resonant decay, etc. that make it so well suited to Brahms, Liszt, Copland, Stockhausen, etc. Dig the trio to Sonata No. 12 (on CD 137), where Oort slows the tempo and relates Haydn's two-voice writing to what followed decades later at the hands of Chopin and Schumann. Later on that CD, hear a big exhalation from Mr. Oort a few seconds after the finale of Sonata No. 50. If you can track it down, and can read music, follow along with Tovey's analysis of the last sonata, No. 52 in E-flat major (which Tovey labeled as No. 1 based on the numbering available to him).
The piano trios are also given loving treatment, including a period keyboard instrument and historically-informed playing techniques. Charles Rosen devotes a chapter in his book "The Classical Style" to these underappreciated works. They've become a mainstay on my nightstand CD player.
Second in importance only to the symphonies, Haydn's string quartets are handled here by the Buchberger Quartet. I'm not very familiar with this ensemble, and there are no program notes provided regarding their playing techniques (sadly, the notes accompanying the individual CDs in Brilliant Classics' Haydn string quartet series were omitted from Haydn Edition). Their interpretations sound somewhat historically informed to me, but not completely so. For example, the ensemble takes Prestos faster than you might expect, minuets slower than you might expect, and generally avoids the habitual vibrato used by conventional string players. But they play at A=440, rather than, say, 430 (which would apparently be closer to the standard in Haydn's time), and the violins seem to have metal A and E strings. I can't tell if they're using modern bows or the the transitional bows from Haydn's time that were concave like modern bows (and unlike the earlier convex Baroque bows), but had less hair and more bounce than today's bows). I understand that Hubert Buchberger plays a 1775 Storioni, though I don't know if it has been modernized with newer fittings like most Cremona violins played today. I'll stand corrected if I can find better documentation on the players' instruments. Another interesting point is that the musicians are apparently using earlier editions of the string quartets where available (rather than the 1800-01 published revisions that most other ensembles use). The Buchberger Quartet certainly gives a listenable rendering of these quartets, barring some shaky intonation in the first violin's top register (Haydn wrote especially prominent first violin parts in the early quartets, presumably with Luigi Tomasini in mind, and it must also be conceded that it's harder to play in tune when you're not employing the habitual vibrato used in modern string technique). The enthusiasm of the performers comes through clearly, and though they might not be as revelatory as you'd get with an outfit like L'Archibudelli, they've been an unabashed source of ear candy for me by way of headphones, the car stereo, and the nightstand CD player.
The 100+ baryton trios were recorded specifically for Brilliant Classics right in Esterházy. The musicians do a fine job on this obscure repertory, and it's great to hear the sound of this pretty but inflexible instrument in their original acoustical settings. Let's be clear though, most of this music is not vintage Haydn. Given the limitations of both the baryton and the Prince who played it (Haydn's notes don't go by very fast, and the music seems perpetually stuck in A major and a couple related keys), it's not surprising that the pieces often sound like hack work. I can hardly blame Haydn for not putting his most inspired ideas into these parochial pieces that didn't seem destined to travel very far from Eisenstadt. One thing that strikes me about the baryton is that its viola da gamba-like attack envelope (a very slow rise time, since it's played with an underhand bow with little tension) seems to make it particularly unsuited to Classical period music, which thanks to Haydn and his contemporaries was starting to explore a greater range of rhythm and dynamics, at the expense of textural complexity, than its Baroque antecedents. This instrument would work decently well as a polyphonic voice performing, say, Buxtehude, but it's inability to keep up with the contrasts in dynamics and bowing that the accompanying viola and cello are capable of becomes quite evident in these trios. The baryton often seems to plod along, like an old grandparent being helped across the street by a couple teenagers.
The lira organizzata concertos are a reissue of a Vox recording that also appeared as part of a
Concerto Royale three-CD set. The recordings are not dated by Brilliant Classics, and are marked ADD. They feature Hugo Ruf playing what sounds like an adapted harmonium. More recent reconstructions of the lira organizzata seem to give more emphasize to its hurdy-gurdy origins (historically this short-lived contraption was apparently a combination of the two instrument types), and to my ears produce a more unique and compelling sound. So the sound on these tracks is a bit of a disappointment for me. (A true hurdy-gurdy, with strings contacted by a perpendicular rotating wood disk with lots of resin applied, produces an unmistakable sound.) You might try to track down the currently out-of-print Koch recording, or the recording by Ensemble Baroque de Limoges on the Naďve label for a more interesting timbre. The first movement to Concerto No. 4 (in F major) seems to be missing the cadenza. Some of my earliest Haydn memories are of the flute/oboe versions of three of these concertos (I performed one of them in high school during my oboe playing days), and I do feel that the concertos work well for that combination, however inauthentic it may be. Incidentally the "booklet" (actually a .PDF file) that accompanies this set incorrectly states that flute and oboe are used on the included recording.
And so for the high points of this set. With the choral music, the ground starts to get uneven. The Creation is sung in German, and is a licensed rerelease of a Vox recording done in a more conventional "heavy" style. The soprano has some control difficulties at times, and the sound quality and separation are not great, closer to 1960s standards. Thus this recording is something of a disappointment. By the way, dig Haydn's scoring of the recitative "And God created great whales" using divisi violas and cellos and no violins, then compare that with Beethoven's scoring of "Ihr stürzt nieder" ("you bow down") in his 9th Symphony. I've yet to listen to the operas, which aren't exactly on most opera-lovers' A-list (like Schubert, Haydn is generally considered a failure as a theatrical composer). The masses are a mixed bag, some rendered lightly and sensitively, and others done in the notorious plodding, historically inaccurate 1960s style. Most of the latter examples are reissues of Vox analog recordings. It's often the case that Brilliant Classics relies on cheap reissues for the "expensive" large-ensemble works in its boxed sets, and that's in evidence here. I'm thankful that the symphony recordings weren't similarly compromised.
And then there are the Celtic folksong arrangements, LOTS of them, a corpus conked out by Haydn for the amateur music market of the time.
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