To the student of ancient philosophy Cynicism may seem little more than a debased version of the ethics of Socrates, which exaggerates his austerity to a fanatic asceticism, hardens his irony to sardonic laughter at the follies of mankind, and affords no parallel to his love of knowledge. Diogenes was 'Socrates gone mad'. On the other hand, for the student of ancient social history and thought from the 4thcentury BC to the close of antiquity, and even beyond, the mind-set of cynicism is still a constant or ever-recurring theme.

