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History's Greatest Heist: The Looting of Russia by the Bolsheviks
 
 
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History's Greatest Heist: The Looting of Russia by the Bolsheviks [Hardcover]

Sean McMeekin (Author)
5.0 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (5 customer reviews)

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Book Description

December 16, 2008

Historians have never resolved a central mystery of the Russian Revolution: How did the Bolsheviks, despite facing a world of enemies and leaving nothing but economic ruin in their path, manage to stay in power through five long years of civil war?  In this penetrating book, Sean McMeekin draws on previously undiscovered materials from the Soviet Ministry of Finance and other European and American archives to expose some of the darkest secrets of Russia’s early days of communism. Building on one archival revelation after another, the author reveals how the Bolsheviks financed their aggression through astonishingly extensive thievery. Their looting included everything from the cash savings of private citizens to gold, silver, diamonds, jewelry, icons, antiques, and artwork.

 

By tracking illicit Soviet financial transactions across Europe, McMeekin shows how Lenin’s regime accomplished history’s greatest heist between 1917 and 1922 and turned centuries of accumulated wealth into the sinews of class war. McMeekin also names names, introducing for the first time the compliant bankers, lawyers, and middlemen who, for a price, helped the Bolsheviks launder their loot, impoverish Russia, and impose their brutal will on millions.

(20101101)

Frequently Bought Together

Customers buy this book with Treasure into Tractors: The Selling of Russia's Cultural Heritage, 1918-1938 $42.98

History's Greatest Heist: The Looting of Russia by the Bolsheviks + Treasure into Tractors: The Selling of Russia's Cultural Heritage, 1918-1938


Editorial Reviews

From The New Yorker

After the October Revolution, the Bolsheviks were enmeshed in a civil war and desperate for funds for everything from guns and boots for soldiers to a luxury car for Lenin. In theory, they had at their disposal the riches of the deposed Tsar, including one of the world�s great reserves of gold. But the gold was the security for Russia�s national debt, and most of Europe didn�t recognize the new regime or its right to the treasury anyway; in today�s terms, it was a rogue state under heavy sanctions whose assets were effectively frozen. What followed, McMeekin writes, was a �gold-laundering boom,� involving art-thieving commissars, double-dealing smugglers, and a surprisingly nefarious cast of Swedes. The Bolsheviks put teams to work prying pearls from centuries-old icons, cracked open private safe-deposit boxes, and even stripped a necklace from Catherine the Great�s tomb. McMeekin�s outrage about the crimes occasionally overgilds a good and relevant story, but, given the economic and cultural cost to the Russian people, it is understandable.
Copyright ©2008 Click here to subscribe to The New Yorker

Review

Received Honorable Mention for the 2010 Ed A. Hewett Book Prize, sponsored by the National Council for Eurasian and East European Research, and awarded by the Association for Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies.
(Ed A. Hewett Book Prize Association for Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies )

Product Details

  • Hardcover: 336 pages
  • Publisher: Yale University Press (December 16, 2008)
  • Language: English
  • ISBN-10: 0300135580
  • ISBN-13: 978-0300135589
  • Product Dimensions: 9.3 x 6.2 x 1.1 inches
  • Shipping Weight: 1.4 pounds (View shipping rates and policies)
  • Average Customer Review: 5.0 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (5 customer reviews)
  • Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #641,727 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

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15 of 18 people found the following review helpful:
5.0 out of 5 stars Excellent service; excellent read., February 8, 2009
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This review is from: History's Greatest Heist: The Looting of Russia by the Bolsheviks (Hardcover)
The author has researched and written a book that covers the gap between the Tsarist downfall through to the downfall of Bolshevik rebels. The rape of the culture of Old Russia will make you sick when you see how the gold, jewels. paintings and religious objects are stolen by these "friends of the People," what they do with it, and how it turns out. It made me very sorrowful and revengeful for the actions of these robbers. It also points out what a lax citizenship will allow a small band of violent and active rebels, including destroying your country, your culture, your person. This was a well written book, placing some of the then current world leaders at the same greedy trough as the Russian rapists, The Bolsheviks!
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10 of 12 people found the following review helpful:
5.0 out of 5 stars HISTORY'S GREATEST HEIST: THE LOOTING OF RUSSIA BY THE BOLSHEVIKS, March 23, 2010
This review is from: History's Greatest Heist: The Looting of Russia by the Bolsheviks (Hardcover)
HISTORY'S GREATEST HEIST: THE LOOTING OF RUSSIA BY THE BOLSHEVIKS
SEAN MCMEEKIN
YALE UNIVERSITY PRESS, 2009
HARDCOVER, $38.00, 308 PAGES, PHOTOGRAPHS, ABBREVIATIONS, NOTES, BIBLIOGRAPHY, INDEX


Russia had been one of the greatest success stories of the capitalist world in the decade leading up to World War I. War and wartime inflation undermined the government's legitimacy, however, and led to power falling into the hands of increasingly radical elements, ending up with Lenin. The Bolshevik takeover led to the near paralysis of the Russian economy. In the midst of the world's largest forest, the Bolsheviks were soon running out of paper to print their decrees, propaganda, and currency. What did they have to sell to buy imported weapons to help them stay in power? In a powerful and surprising new book, HISTORY'S GREATEST HEIST: THE LOOTING OF RUSSIA BY THE BOLSHEVIKS, author Sean McMeekin makes a powerful and surprising argument that Lenin and his followers imposed a policy of looting the national treasures that Russia had amassed over the centuries. Those treasures consisted of gold, silver, and precious jewelry on a massive scale. This didn't prove as immediately successful as the Bolshevik braintrust had hoped. For example, "inventory shrinkage" proved a problem. When Lenin and Trotsky called for mobs to sack the local landowners, bourgeois households, and churches and send the loot to Moscow, the amount received wasn't as lucrative as expected. Rather a large percentage seemed to stick to the fingers of local Bolshevik operatives. The author shows in this formidably documented, morally impassioned book that the Bolsheviks could have never survived their first years in power without the cooperation of Western governments, industrialists, and financiers. That's because their first act on seizing power was to deliberately destroy Russia's economy, leaving the regime wholly dependent on foreign financing. Beyond dialectical materialism, the Bolsheviks didn't have the slightest idea how a modern economy or financial system worked. This was made even worse, when on December 27, 1917, they abolished private banks and repudiated government bonds which effectively destroyed the system for investors to invest and the workers to work. If the principal function of most governments is to cultivate law and public order, then the opposite happened under the Bolsheviks-eradicate all existing laws and institutions and encourage class war. With the nation's economy now wrecked and its banking system abolished, the Bolsheviks had nothing to encourage foreign buyers to invest. Accordingly, they acted less like a government than like a gang of thieves. They couldn't for instance open the safe-deposit boxes in most Russian banks and so they decreed that all owners of the boxes were to turn over their keys-that is, to help the government rob them. What they did manage to confiscate-from banks, churches, and private owners, most notably the Romanovs-they proceeded to fence surreptitiously and at a huge discount. McMeekin's book bristles with the names of the Soviets who went to Switzerland with suitcases full of cash and jewels. Lenin found Stockholm banker Olof Aschberg, who would purchase Russian gold ingots at a huge discount in Estonia and then ship it across the Baltic to the Swedish Royal Mint. They then worked overtime melting down the Russian ingots (stamped with the Tsarist Russian seal) that were subsequently sold in London and New York. Aschberg would then sell the Bolsheviks the weapons they needed for their civil war and subsequent war against their peasantry. And while the Allied powers officially banned such sales, they effectively looked the other way when they saw how much money could be made. On the political front, then British Prime Minister Lloyd George, tired of blockading the Baltic, had legitimized Soviet trade representatives in order to get orders for British factories. The British signed a trade agreement with the Soviets in 1921 and the German Foreign Office, which had done so much to put Lenin in charge of Russia, signed one at Rapallo in 1922. HISTORY'S GREATEST HEIST: THE LOOTING OF RUSSIA BY THE BOLSHEVIKS is filled with vivid images of theft and spoliation, of warehouses full of loot, and millions of rubles. But the real value of this book is that it shows just how well the West lived up to Lenin's cynical statement-"Comrades, don't panic, when things get very tough for us, we will give the bourgeoisie a rope, and the bourgeoisie will hang itself."


Lt. Colonel Robert A. Lynn, Florida Guard
Orlando, Florida
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12 of 16 people found the following review helpful:
5.0 out of 5 stars The looting of Russia by the Bolshevics., February 8, 2009
This review is from: History's Greatest Heist: The Looting of Russia by the Bolsheviks (Hardcover)
The results of this researcher's investigation has been long known to most in Russia, but not in the West.
Too bad this is not going to enter the textbooks in those same countries and overturn the dominant mythology that the Bolsheviks, i.e. the murderers of the Russian empire, have been good for Russia.
My fear is that this author's work will be dismissed in some way, and this will remain the only work in this field...but kudos for the author.
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Inside This Book (learn more)
First Sentence:
IN THE MID-1990s, a series of sensational reports appeared on the subject of looted Nazi gold laundered in Switzerland during the Second World War. Read the first page
Key Phrases - Statistically Improbable Phrases (SIPs): (learn more)
war communism, tsarist rubles, gold blockade, imperial gold reserves, looting campaign, million gold rubles, bank strike, church robberies, church valuables, paper rubles, trade accord, ooo rubles, import credits, gold movements, photo envelope, million rubles
Key Phrases - Capitalized Phrases (CAPs): (learn more)
Lloyd George, Red Army, Soviet Russia, The Heist, Foreign Office, State Bank, Max Laserson, Olof Aschberg, October Revolution, Stanford University, Russian Revolution, Hoover Institution Archives, The People, New York, Nikolai Krestinsky, Patriarch Tikhon, Provisional Government, Great Britain, Leonid Krasin, San Remo, Orthodox Church, Standard Oil, United States, Rapallo Treaty, Red Guards
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Front Cover | Table of Contents | First Pages | Index | Surprise Me!
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