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House by House, Block by Block: The Rebirth of America's Urban Neighborhoods
 
 
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House by House, Block by Block: The Rebirth of America's Urban Neighborhoods [Hardcover]

Alexander von Hoffman (Author)
3.7 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (3 customer reviews)


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Book Description

May 1, 2003
Not long ago, neighborhoods such as the South Bronx, South Central Los Angeles, and Boston's Roxbury were crime-ridden wastelands of vacant lots and burned-out buildings, notorious symbols of urban decay. In House by House, Block by Block, Alexander von Hoffman tells the remarkable stories of how local activists and community groups helped turn these areas around.
For sixty years, federal policy has attempted with little success to solve the problems of housing and poverty in America's inner cities. Yet increasingly, local organizations are picking up where Washington has left off. In a series of dramatic and colorful narratives, von Hoffman shows how these groups are revitalizing once desperate neighborhoods in five major cities: New York, Boston, Chicago, Atlanta, and Los Angeles. The unlikely heroes include: the tough-talking Bronx priest who made apartment buildings for low-income people glisten in the midst of ruins and despair; the "crazy white man" who scrambled to save Chicago's historic Black Metropolis from the wrecking ball; the Boston cops who built a task force that put the brakes on youth gangs. Thanks to locally-based, bootstrap efforts like these, in inner-city neighborhoods across the country, crime rates are falling, real estate values are rising, and businesses are returning. Von Hoffman also shows that grass-roots work can't do it alone: successful revitalization needs the support of local government and access to business and foundation capital.
Based on years of research and more than a hundred interviews, this book is the first systematic account of the dramatic urban revival now going on in the United States. House by House, Block by Block will be a must-read for anyone who cares about the fate of America's cities.


Editorial Reviews

From Publishers Weekly

America's blighted inner cities enjoyed a renaissance in the 1990s, with crime rates plummeting and employment, real estate values and population all rising for the first time in decades. The credit for the turnaround, according to this absorbing study of urban revitalization, belongs to local community organizations, whose David vs. Goliath fight against red-lining banks and insurance companies, all-devouring real-estate developments and neglectful city halls helped preserve and revitalize their neighborhoods. Von Hoffman, an academic and the author of Local Attachments: The Making of an American Neighborhood, studies urban disaster areas such as the South Bronx, where housing activists helped transform burned-out ruins into flourishing neighborhoods, and South Central Los Angeles, where an influx of hard-working, entrepreneurial Latino immigrants built a vibrant working-class community after the 1992 riots. His is a somewhat conservative brand of urbanism, favoring "the power of capitalism" over vast urban renewal schemes that, he says, often destroy the character of the areas they're meant to revitalize. Hope for cities, he argues, lies not in glitzy stadiums and civic centers or giant public-housing projects, but in smaller-scale public-private partnerships, subsidies and tax incentives that encourage local landlords and mom-and-pop businesses, the motor of inner-city revitalization. Urban development policy is a labyrinth of heavily acronymed programs, regulations, community groups and government agencies, but von Hoffman's lucid narrative, with its colorful activists, Machiavellian politicians and inspiring struggles, brings this potentially mind-numbing subject to life. This book deserves to be read by everyone concerned with the fate of America's cities. Photos.
Copyright 2003 Reed Business Information, Inc.

Review


"Von Hoffman's lucid narrative, with its colorful activists, Machiavellian politicians and inspiring struggles, brings this potentially mind-numbing subject to life. This book deserves to be read by everyone concerned with the fate of America's cities."--Publishers Weekly


"An upbeat book about the contemporary state of inner cities in the United States sounds like an oxymoron. But Harvard University faculty member Alexander von Hoffman has written such a book. It is persuasive and educational as well as counterintuitive.... Von Hoffman is no dewy-eyed optimist. He understands that the revitalizations he chronicles are only a start, that millions of inner-city residents across the nation live in misery. But with von Hoffman's proof that individuals can make a significant difference, he promotes realistic hope."--Baltimore Sun


"It all started on Charlotte Street in the Bronx. Presidents Carter and Reagan stood on that street and both compared the area to bombed-out London and Berlin. House by House, Block by Block recounts how New York City rebuilt the South Bronx and large parts of Brooklyn and Harlem, and how other cities have transformed their own troubled neighborhoods. I marveled at the accuracy and intimacy of the reporting. The chapter on New York is superb: I was there, and the revitalization occurred just as von Hoffman describes." --Edward I. Koch, former mayor of New York City


"This is the most hopeful book on the American inner city to appear in decades. Von Hoffman's surprising optimism rests on an impressive base of new research and data. But most importantly, he has gone beyond theories and statistics to the neighborhoods themselves to tell the dramatic story of how an unexpected coalition of community activists, foundations, planners, politicians, and business leaders have defied immense difficulties to begin rebuilding America's inner cities 'house by house, block by block'." --Robert Fishman, author of Bourgeois Utopias: The Rise and Fall of Suburbia, and Professor of History, Taubman College of Architecture and Planning, University of Michigan


"This book arrives at the perfect time, just as faith in the American city is being renewed and governments and foundations are trumpeting the rebirth of the metropolis. Von Hoffman's research reminds us of a valuable lesson: it is the tireless work of those unsung heroes at the grassroots--residents, community builders, block club leaders and the like--who will ultimately determine whether our policies and prescriptions work or fail. House by House, Block by Block is required reading, for both participants in and observers of the revitalizing of the American city." --Sudhir Venkatesh, author of American Project: the Rise and Fall of a Modern Ghetto, and Associate Professor of Sociology, Columbia University



Product Details

  • Hardcover: 320 pages
  • Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA; First Edition edition (May 1, 2003)
  • Language: English
  • ISBN-10: 0195144376
  • ISBN-13: 978-0195144376
  • Product Dimensions: 9.6 x 6.4 x 1.2 inches
  • Shipping Weight: 1.4 pounds
  • Average Customer Review: 3.7 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (3 customer reviews)
  • Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #931,603 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

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6 of 6 people found the following review helpful:
4.0 out of 5 stars Review of House by House, Block by Block, January 5, 2007
By 
CCR (Ann Arbor, MI United States) - See all my reviews
House by House, Block by Block tells the stories of how urban neighborhood revitalization happened in five cities across America. Alexander Von Hoffman, an historian and specialist in housing and urban affairs and senior research fellow at Harvard's Joint Center for Housing Studies, takes his readers on a journey across America from east to west and describes how neighborhoods fall into decline as well as how they rise back up from the ashes of blight and devastation. The histories of neighborhoods in New York, Boston, Chicago, Atlanta, and Los Angeles are revealed through a series of case studies about specific neighborhoods in those cities. The case studies were developed from personal interviews, census data, private publications, and newspaper articles. Each chapter dissects the rebirth of neighborhoods beginning with the causes of decline, identifying and describing the people who facilitated the transformations, how the revitalization began on the street, and ends with a summary of lessons learned from that particular case. Overall, the book takes a comprehensive look at how change happens and who makes it happen. This book should be read by everyone interested in a step by step outline of how neighborhoods change and how neighborhood change leads to the revitalization of entire cities.

House by House, Block by Block provides a kind of "organizational chart" of how neighborhoods change in different circumstances. Each case study is centered on the people in the neighborhoods who make and are affected by revitalization. Von Hoffman's use of storytelling entices readers, pulls them into the situation, and personalizes each cast study. The author discusses politics in a realistic and candid manner and does not hold back criticisms or compliments of politicians or public policies. He also recognizes that neighborhoods decline for a myriad of reasons, and that there is no prescription for neighborhood revitalization. That said, von Hoffman asserts that neighborhood turn-arounds require support from citizens, non-profits, politicians, and corporations, but these organizations join together in very different ways depending on the time and place that change occurs. There are few weaknesses in the book, but at times, the litany of acronyms and last names can be confusing to the casual reader. While the use of acronyms makes certain sections difficult to read, the book is generally easy to read and friendly to the lay-person.

Chapter Four begins with the story of Earnest Gates, a successful black man on the brink of moving out of a bad neighborhood and into a luxury apartment in a wealthy neighborhood. Gates decides to take the money he would have spent on a fancy new apartment and renovate a home and begin to revitalize his old neighborhood. Not only does this story exemplify one way neighborhoods start to change, but it typifies von Hoffman's ability to intrigue readers with a touching story. Storytelling is one way to draw in a reader and keep them interested on a personal level, and it conveys information in a way that is accessible to a wide variety of readers.

House by House, Block by Block is an important book for planners because it details neighborhood revitalization from the beginning of the decline and includes sociological, political, economic, and locational reasons for change. The author openly discusses the racial tensions that exist in American cities and their effect on the decline of communities. He also points his finger at inept politicians, planners, and police and blames them when they are at fault for problems in their cities. The holistic approach to analyzing how neighborhoods evolve brings to light that true neighborhood revitalization requires more than simply building new housing; it requires cooperation, trust and a group of determined people and organizations with a vision for a better community.

This book supplements existing planning literature about city revitalization very well because it details events happening outside of downtowns at close range. Many planning texts and articles focus on development and revivals in downtowns and neglect the importance of the inner city neighborhood surrounding those downtowns. Von Hoffman focuses strictly on neighborhoods and fills a gap in the existing literature. He highlights the significance of neighborhoods, their inner life and soul, and the importance of the people who live in them.

The relevance of the books lies in the descriptions of how social change happens. Agents of social change range from members of the clergy to community members to landlords to politicians to urban planners. The change happens in different ways and on different levels in each case, but the outcome is always a similar - a healthier neighborhood. Studying social changes in this detailed manner reminds readers that there are no usual subjects for agents of change. Reminding people that change can happen anywhere and begin with anyone also inspires people to be revolutionaries in their own neighborhoods.
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1 of 1 people found the following review helpful:
3.0 out of 5 stars Thorough historical perspectives on urban regrowth in major cities, August 8, 2009
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This is a very comprehensive historical review of urban regrowth in major U.S. cities. The author gives sometimes too detailed histories of what happened as formerly neglected areas rebuilt and reclaimed their glory as livable urban neighborhoods. By the stories chosen, it is obvious that the author does not subscribe to the government do it all model of urban regrowth - instead, he focuses on how cities can enable developers and groups to rebuild their cities house by house, block by block.

I do wish the author had included more best practices & guidelines for how others can learn from the successes of the cities described. As is, it seems focused too highly on giving the historical story, and less as a cogent synthesis of step-by-step urban renewal.
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1 of 1 people found the following review helpful:
4.0 out of 5 stars Good Examples, Interesting Read, July 31, 2009
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I found this book at a library and eventually purchased it with great hopes. The book goes through a couple different cities detailing different revitilization efforts that took place. I found that it was heavy on historical and not as much analysis as i was hoping for. Yet it still provided some examples for community development and helped to show the differences between development in cities. I found that section on L.A. to be particularly interesting
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Inside This Book (learn more)
First Sentence:
In the beginning, inner-city neighborhoods in the United States were not disaster areas, but vital parts of the cities to which they belonged. Read the first page
Key Phrases - Statistically Improbable Phrases (SIPs): (learn more)
community development leaders, community development system, housing partnership, neighborhood development corporation, housing preservation, nonprofit community groups, community development groups, community development organizations, following tracts, economic development corporation, public housing residents, urban pioneers
Key Phrases - Capitalized Phrases (CAPs): (learn more)
Los Angeles, New York, South Bronx, African American, East Lake, South Central, Codman Square, United States, Jimmy Carter, Black Metropolis, Charlotte Street, Charlotte Gardens, Concerned Citizens, Mid-Bronx Desperadoes, Father Gigante, Ten Year Plan, Earnest Gates, East Brooklyn Churches, Community Preservation Corporation, Industrial Areas Foundation, Vernon Central, Central Avenue, Dudley Street, Granite Properties, United Center
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