Customer Reviews

Houses and Society in Pompeii and Herculaneum

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Wallace-Hadrill's book begins with specific facts and shows how these lead to interesting questions. For example... because bed widths varied, and tended to be quite narrow, we can't be sure whether people slept alone or in pairs; in fact, we can't even be very certain how many people lived in a given household because we don't know about sleeping arrangements in detail (some slaves may have slept in or near the master's quarters, and not in separate slave quarters, for example). He points out that Roman houses had formal and informal areas, rather than the men's and women's quarters typical in earlier Greek homes, or the segregation by age that one might see in 19th century England, for example. These "dry" facts actually suggest quite a lot about how people interacted, and how the spaces in homes were used.

Of course, this isn't a novel... several recently published novels provide vivid descriptions of "what people did in those houses", complete with fictional characters (often based on people who actually lived in Pompeii). But Wallace-Hadrill's book is an extremely interesting read even though it is a work of scholarship, rather than something intended as entertainment. People who would like to have backgound information for a visit to Pompeii will find that this book helps them understand what they see when they visit. I found the floor plans, and the descriptions of use of space, really interesting: an upper class Roman house combined public and private space in ways that are quite different from modern American suburbs, but in some ways, rather like some modern Italian cities!

I read this book for a graduate course in Roman history. Hadrill did an excellent job looking at the excavated town s of Pompeii and Herculaneum offering a snapshot of Roman life in the 1st century, frozen at the moment theywere buried on 24 August 79. The Forum, the baths, many houses, and some out-of-town villas like the Villa of the Mysteries remain surprisingly well preserved.

Pompeii was a lively place, and evidence abounds of literally the smallest details of everyday life. For example, on the floor of one of the houses (Sirico's), a famous inscription Salve, lucru (Welcome, money), perhaps humorously intended, shows us a trading company owned by two partners, Sirico and Nummianus (but this could be a nickname, since nummus means coin, money). In other houses, details abound concerning professions and categories, such as for the "laundry" workers (Fullones). Wine jars have been found bearing what is apparently the world's earliest known marketing pun, Vesuvinum (combining Vesuvius and the Latin for wine, vinum). Graffiti carved on the walls shows us real street Latin. In 89 BC, after the final occupation of the city by Roman General Lucius Cornelius Sulla, Pompeii was finally annexed to the Roman Republic. Under this period, Pompeii underwent a vast process of infrastructural development, most of which was built during the Augustan period. Worth noting are an amphitheatre, a Palaestra with a central natatorium or swimming pool, and an aqueduct that provided water for more than 25 street fountains, at least four public baths, and a large number of private houses (domus) and businesses. The amphitheatre has been cited by modern scholars as a model of sophisticated design particularly in the area of crowd control. The aqueduct branched out through three main pipes from the Castellum Aquae, where the waters were collected before being distributed to the city; although it did much more than distribute the waters, it did so with the prerequisite that in the case of extreme drought, the water supply would first fail to reach the public baths (the least vital service), then private houses and businesses, and when there would be no water flow at all, the system would then at last fail to supply the public fountains (the most vital service) in the streets of Pompeii.

The large number of well-preserved frescoes throw a great light on everyday life and have been a major advance in art history of the ancient world, with the innovation of the Pompeian Styles (First/Second/Third Style). Some aspects of the culture were distinctly erotic(Erotic art in Pompeii and Herculaneum), including phallic worship[citation needed]. A large collection of erotic votive objects and frescoes were found at Pompeii. Many were removed and kept until recently in a secret collection at the University of Naples.

At the time of the eruption, the town could have had some 20,000 inhabitants, and was located in an area in which Romans had their holiday villas. "At the time of the eruption, Pompeii had reached its high point in society as many Romans frequently visited Pompeii on vacations." It is the only ancient town of which the whole topographic structure is known precisely as it was, with no later modifications or additions. It was not distributed on a regular plan as we are used to seeing in Roman towns, due to the difficult terrain. But its streets are straight and laid out in a grid, in the purest Roman tradition; they are laid with polygonal stones, and have houses and shops on both sides of the street. It followed its decumanus and its cardo, centred on the forum.

Besides the forum, many other services were found: the Macellum (great food market), the Pistrinum (mill), the Thermopolium (sort of bar that served cold and hot beverages), and cauponae (small restaurants). An amphitheatre and two theatres have been found, along with a palaestra or gymnasium. A hotel (of 1,000 square metres) was found a short distance from the town; it is now nicknamed the "Grand Hotel Murecine".

In 2002 another important discovery at the mouth of the Sarno River revealed that the port also was populated and that people lived in palafittes, within a system of channels that suggested a likeness to Venice to some scientists. These studies are just beginning to produce results.

Recommended reading for those interested in Roman history.

This book makes me think. What was it like to live in ancient Pompeii? What did people actually do with those dramatic and imposing, architectural masterpieces called houses?
Wallace-Hadrill attempts to find some answers to these questions from the physical evidence coupled with literary reference and historical facts.

Trained as a biochemist, I enjoy Mr. Wallace-Hadrill's attention to detail, propensity to stick to the facts and willingness to say so when his investigations lead into blind alleys. There are many things about life in ancient Pompeii, which there is no way to know at this time. But there are others, which can be discovered, and they paint a picture of a rich and vibrant society very different from our own, and yet as closely related as a grandfather to a grandson.

This book is not a fast read. It is not a novel. It is not emotional in the common sense of the word. But it is wonderful.

This extraordinary book by Andrew Wallace-Hadrill was immediately recognized by many people as a landmark in the field of archaeology. For me personally, archaeology has not been the same since. What Wallace-Hadrill does is very simple. He merely points out what should have been obvious to us all a long time ago. It simply makes sense. Basically Wallace-Hadrill analyzes and interprets the living spaces of ancient people living on the Bay of Naples in AD 79. The Roman house was designed to make an impression. Through Wallace-Hadrill's analyses we can see these people as they wanted to present themselves, which tells us a great deal about the society itself. This is a revolutionary work. It's an absolute MUST for the serious student of archaeology. Five stars.

This was published by Princeton University Press and reads like a dry dissertation. I was surprised at how ponderous this is, as Wallace-Hadrill has contributed engrossing commentary on PBS and A&E documentaries. He includes some interesting facts but the run-on sentences are so verbose they look like paragraphs. For instance, consider this partial sampling from the houses and urban texture chapter: "The strong correlation between house size and occurrence of atria and peristyles comes out clearly in their distribution across the size quartiles (Fig. 4.16). The little shops...typify the first and much of the second quartile, and most of the three-to-five room houses, do not have space for either an impluviate atrium or collonaded garden..." This example is highly paraphrased for this review. Some of the sentences are about forty words in length. Understandable, yes. Enjoyable reading, no. Wallace-Hadrill is an interesting guy but this book is the cure for insomnia.

This is a dreary, pedantic and repetitious bore. The author repeats his theme in every chapter about 10 times. The pictures are not that interesting and not very good quality.