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Humankind: A Brief History [Hardcover]

Felipe Fernï¿1/2ndez-Armesto (Author)
4.0 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (2 customer reviews)


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Book Description

May 17, 2004
The discovery that the DNA of chimpanzees and humans is incredibly similar, sharing 98% of the same code, suggests that there is very little different--or special--about the human animal. Likewise, advances in artificial intelligence mean that humans no longer have exclusive access to reason, consciousness and imagination. Indeed, the harder we cling to the concept of humanity, the more slippery it becomes. But if it breaks down altogether, what will this mean for human values, human rights, and the defense of human dignity?
In a book of breathtaking range, Felipe Fernandez-Armesto takes us on an enlightening journey through the history of humankind, a narrative tour de force that challenges our most fundamental belief--that we are, and have always been, human. Humankind confronts the problem from a historical perspective, showing how our current understanding of what it means to be human has been shaken by new discoveries from science and philosophy. The author shows how our concept of humankind has changed over time, tracing its faltering expansion to its present limits and arguing that these limits are neither fixed or scientifically verifiable. Controversially, he proposes that we have further to go in developing our concept of humankind and that we need to rethink it as a matter of urgency.
One of the most imaginative historians writing today, Felipe Fernandez-Armesto here combines astonishing breadth with passionate and exciting storytelling. For the intellectually curious, for those interested in history, philosophy, science and culture, and for anyone who has ever wondered about what makes us human, Humankind offers an exhilarating new perspective.

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Editorial Reviews

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A versatile and wide-ranging historian, Fernandez-Armesto turns philosophical in this short essay, arguing that something most people could confidently define, a human being, becomes problematic when examining history. He propels himself into the subject from this assertion: "Humanity is in peril--not from the familiar menace of 'mass destruction' and ecological overkill--but from a conceptual threat." This strong thesis culminates with the author's discourse on the incipient erosion by genetics and robotics of who (or what) qualifies as a member of humanity. It begins with Fernandez-Armesto's analysis of a less threatening aspect of the limits of human identity: where we have historically drawn the line between humans and animals. He then considers a variation of the same issue, debate within paleoanthropology about which hominids are ancestral to humans, a discussion that moves smoothly to attributes common in historical definitions of humankind: anatomy, tool use, language, and culture. Eminently readable, this is still a profound inquiry with ethical implications for such issues of the day as abortion. Gilbert Taylor
Copyright © American Library Association. All rights reserved --This text refers to an alternate Hardcover edition.

Review


"Brilliant. In this short tour de force he sets the debate about what it means to be human in an historical perspective-something that has not been done before-and does so in a way that is arrestingly readable. He has used his historical erudition and stylistic grace to produce a little gem that contains a rich array of fascinating and exotic historical examples."--John Gray, author of Straw Dogs


"Impressive and innovative. Few, if any, authors could (or would dare to) cover such a massive topic." --Mark Ridley, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford


"Readers looking for a brisk imaginative workout will want to consider [this]...erudite and beautifully written account of how our human forebears, as far back as we have any evidence, imagined themselves in relation to one another, to the rest of this world, and to the next world."--Boston Globe


"Good food for thought for ethicists and ethologists alike."--Kirkus Reviews



Product Details

  • Hardcover: 222 pages
  • Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA; First Edition edition (May 17, 2004)
  • Language: English
  • ISBN-10: 0192805754
  • ISBN-13: 978-0192805751
  • Product Dimensions: 8.1 x 5.5 x 0.9 inches
  • Shipping Weight: 12.2 ounces
  • Average Customer Review: 4.0 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (2 customer reviews)
  • Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #1,959,498 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

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2 of 4 people found the following review helpful:
5.0 out of 5 stars The history about WHAT humankind is..., January 17, 2005
This review is from: Humankind: A Brief History (Hardcover)
This book deals with how mankind has tried to define humankind. Our we human because our body is different from other animals? But apes are so close to us when it comes to DNA. Because we have a soul or mind? Can we even prove those things exist? Because we have culture and works of art? But don't machines now write stories and don't chimps paint?
Will we ever find something to define us as humans when we don't even know what being human means? I enjoyed this book and, funny enough as a manga fan, have to compare it to _Ghost In The Shell_ and _AppleSeed_ in the questions it asks.
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7 of 15 people found the following review helpful:
3.0 out of 5 stars Cogito Ergo Sum, August 21, 2004
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This review is from: Humankind: A Brief History (Hardcover)
This book is not quite what I thought it was when I purchased it. The jacket art shows a variety of hominid forms as well as some futuristic machine forms, so I thought the book was a compact anthropology of the genus with, perhaps, some interesting speculation upon the future. What the book is instead is a philosophy in which Fernandez-Armesto cites his thesis that "humanity" as a concept can no longer be defined in unique terms: toolmaker, language user, culture creator--many species exhibit these traits, ergo, humanity is not so special after all.

Well, I never thought humanity was so special, but I have always been able to recognize a human from other higher mammals. Matters of degree do not lend themselves easily to the need for hard edged truth, but matters of degree are what separate us from other higher mammals and futuristic machine intelligences, and matters of degree are enough.

The book is worth a read once you understand what it is; Fernandez-Armesto cites many useful historical references. I would say, however, that there is one human trait he failed to explore, and that is evil. I have never observed deliberate evil in other animal forms, only humanity.
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