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Immortality: The Quest to Live Forever and How It Drives Civilization [Hardcover]

Stephen Cave
4.1 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (67 customer reviews)

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Book Description

April 3, 2012 0307884910 978-0307884916 1
A fascinating work of popular philosophy and history that both enlightens and entertains, Stephen Cave’s Immortality investigates whether it just might be possible to live forever and whether we should want to.  But it also makes a powerful argument, which is that it’s our very preoccupation with defying mortality that drives civilization.
 
Central to this book is the metaphor of a mountaintop where one can find the Immortals.  Since the dawn of humanity, everyone – whether they know it or not – has been trying to climb that mountain.  But there are only four paths up its treacherous slope, and there have only ever been four paths.  Throughout history, people have wagered everything on their choice of the correct path, and fought wars against those who’ve chosen differently.
 
While Immortality takes the reader on an eye-opening journey from the beginnings of civilization to the present day, the structure is not chronological.  Rather it is path driven.  As each path is revealed to us, an historical figure serves as our guide. 
 
In drawing back the curtain on what compels humans to “keep on keeping on,” Cave engages the reader in a number of mind-bending thought experiments.  He teases out the implications of each immortality gambit, asking, for example, how long a person would live if they did manage to acquire a perfectly disease-free body.  Or what would happen if a super-being tried to round up the atomic constituents of all who’ve died in order to resurrect them.  Or what our loved ones would really be doing in heaven if it does exist.  Or what part of us actually lives in a work of art, and how long that work of art can survive. 
 
Toward the the book’s end, we’re confronted with a series of brain-rattling questions: What would happen if tomorrow humanity discovered that there is no life but this one?  Would people continue to care about their favorite sports team, please their boss, vie for the title of Year’s Best Salesman? Would three-hundred-year projects still get started?  If the four paths up the Mount of the Immortals lead nowhere -- if there is no getting up to the summit -- is there still reason to live?  And can civilization survive?
 
Immortality is a deeply satisfying book, as optimistic about the human condition as it is insightful about the true arc of history.

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Editorial Reviews

Review

“Informed and metaphysically nuanced…Cave presents his arguments in a brisk, engaging style, and draws effectively upon a wide-ranging stock of religious, philosophical, and scientific sources, both ancient and contemporary.”
--Weekly Standard

“In his survey of the subject, Stephen Cave, a British philosopher, argues that man’s various tales of immortality can be boiled down into four basic “narratives”… For the aspiring undying, Mr Cave unfortunately concludes that immortality is a mirage. But his demolition project is fascinating in its own right…If anything, readers might want more of Mr. Cave’s crisp conversational prose.”
--The Economist

“A must-read exploration of what spurs human ingenuity.  Every once in a while a book comes along that catches me by surprise and provides me with an entirely new lens through which to view the world…Such is the case with Stephen Cave’s book Immortality…Cave presents an extremely compelling case – one that has changed my view of the driving force of civilization as much as Jared Diamond did years ago with his brilliant book Guns, Germs and Steel.”
--S. Jay Olshanksy, New Scientist magazine
 
"Cave explains how the seeking of immortality is the foundation of human achievement, the wellspring of art, religion and civilization...The author is rangy and recondite, searching the byways of elixirs, the surprises of alchemy, the faith in engineering and all the wonder to be found in discussions of life and death...Luminous."
--Kirkus Reviews
 
“A dramatic and frequently surprising story of the pursuit of immortality and its effects on human history.”
--Booklist

“A beautifully clear and entertaining look at life after death. Cave does not shrink from the hard questions. Bold and thought-provoking.”
—Eric Olson, author of The Human Animal and What Are We?
 
Immortality plumbs the depths of the human mind and ties the quest for the infinite prolongation of life into the very nature of civilization itself. Cave reveals remarkable depth and breadth of learning, yet is always a breeze to read. I thoroughly enjoyed his book—it’s a really intriguing study.”
—David Boyd Haycock, author of Mortal Coil and A Crisis of Brilliance
 
I loved this. Cave has set himself an enormous task and accomplished it—in spades. Establishing a four-level subject matter, he has stuck to his guns and never let up. As he left one level and went to the next, I was always a little worried: Would he be able to pull it off? This was especially true as he approached the end. There is a sense in which each level, as he left it smoking in the road, looked easy as he started the next. In fact, the last level, while it is the most difficult, is the best, the most satisfying. I am happy to live in the world Cave describes.”
— Charles Van Doren, author of A History of Knowledge
 
“Cave is smart, lucid, elegant and original. Immortality is an engaging read about our oldest obsession, and how that obsession propels some of our greatest accomplishments.”
—Greg Critser, author of Eternity Soup
 
“In Immortality Stephen Cave tells wonderful stories about one of humanity’s oldest desires and comes to a wise conclusion.”
— Stefan Klein, author of The Science of Happiness and The Secret Pulse of Time
 
“Cave has produced a strikingly original and compelling exploration of the age-old conundrum: Can we live forever, and do we really want to?”
—John Horgan, science journalist and author of The End of War

About the Author

Stephen Cave holds a Ph.D. in philosophy from Cambridge University and, before turning to full-time writing, worked as a diplomat.  He writes regularly for the Financial Times and also contributes to the New York Times.

Product Details

  • Hardcover: 336 pages
  • Publisher: Crown; 1 edition (April 3, 2012)
  • Language: English
  • ISBN-10: 0307884910
  • ISBN-13: 978-0307884916
  • Product Dimensions: 6.3 x 1.1 x 9.5 inches
  • Shipping Weight: 1.2 pounds (View shipping rates and policies)
  • Average Customer Review: 4.1 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (67 customer reviews)
  • Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #70,307 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

More About the Author

Stephen Cave writes on a wide range of philosophical, ethical and scientific subjects, including for the Financial Times, New York Times, Wired and others. His first book Immortality: The Quest to Live Forever and How it Drives Civilization was published in spring 2012 and was described by The Economist as "fascinating" and by the New Scientist as "a must read" and a "best book of 2012".
Stephen earned a PhD in philosophy from the University of Cambridge, then subsequently spent some years as a diplomat for Her Britannic Majesty before taking up writing full time. He now lives with his wife and daughters in Berlin.

Customer Reviews

The book is full of many other interesting insights and was well worth the time spent reading it. Kevin Kearney  |  25 reviewers made a similar statement
If you read the book I hope you enjoy and thanks for taking the time to read my review. William E. Liberatore  |  19 reviewers made a similar statement
This work relates these four impulses that lead us to hope for immortality in various civilizations. Rodrigo Diaz  |  11 reviewers made a similar statement
Most Helpful Customer Reviews
56 of 63 people found the following review helpful
4.0 out of 5 stars Immortality from the secular view. March 21, 2012
Format:Hardcover|Amazon Vine™ Review (What's this?)
Stephen Cave's "Immortality: The Quest to Live Forever and How it Drives Civilization" is a well-organized, meticulously argued, elegantly written book. Cave's thesis is to descirbe what he calls the world's four "Immortality Narratives"--"Staying Alive" (prolonging physical life via medical and technological means), "Resurrection" (the traditional Christian teaching that we are reborn in the same body), "Soul" (the idea that our individual consciousness survives bodily death), and "Legacy" (gaining immortality through great deeds or our descendants). Using the stories of Nefertiti, St. Paul, Dante and Beatrice, the Dalai Lama, Alexander the Great and Gilgamesh to organize his book and argue his points, Cave demonstrates in a clear, intelligent style how each of these narratives informed society and led to great advances in art, literature, law and politics.

However, Cave--a philosopher, and thus a logician, by training--also uses scientific evidence to assess the chances of any of the Immortality Narratives being true. He concludes that all of them are almost certainly false. He is particularly scathing toward the idea of the soul, the Immortality Narrative most of the world's residents accept: "(E)verything the soul was supposed to explain--thoughts, consciousness, life itself--has been shown to be dependent on the body. We therefore have every reason to believe that all these faculties--from memory to emotion to the most basic form of awareness--cease when the body ceases. There is simply nothing left over for the soul. As a hypothesis, it is redundant."

In place of the soul, Cave offers this as consolation: "We do not linger like uninvited guests at our own funeral, nor are we plunged into the lonely void. We stop. The conscious experiences we have had are the totality of our lives; death, like birth, is just a term that defines the bounds of those experiences...The second step along the path of wisdom is therefore this realization that we can never be dead, that fearing being dead is therefore a nonsense." An elegantly phrased, neatly thought-out idea. And one that was effectively refuted more than a hundred years ago by Ambrose Bierce in his story, "Parker Adderson, Philosopher," as well as more recently by Philip Larkin in his poem, "Aubade."

Cave is correct in praising the wisdom of the "Carpe Diem" philosophy of life, and everyone--no matter their spiritual or philosophical leanings--can find much to admire in the Epicureans and Stoics. They constitute a wonderful defense against the pain and arbitrariness of life. But, for non-secularists, they aren't enough.

I also could have done without Cave's condescension. "No doubt some people are muddling along just fine with, for example, their reassuring belief in an immortal soul," he says toward the end. "Muddling along"? Even worse is his bald assertion that "most immortality narratives foster a profound selfishness," as if only atheists could care about others besides themselves. It is precisely because I care about my family, friends, neighbors, and about those who perish in wars, genocides, natural disasters, that I find the idea of a godless universe unbearable.

Of course no one truly knows what comes after death, and Cave's guess is as good as mine. We will see--or not--when the time comes. Cave is a fine, thoughtful writer despite his flaws, and millions of people will find his book totally satisfactory. Those who are wedded completely to one narrative or another will reject his book in anger, or--more likely--never read it. Those of us who try to follow a middle way--accepting the evidence of science while seeing the Universe as divinely created--find much to infuriate and frustrate us in this book. But it also forces us to think about what we believe, and why, and that is never a bad thing.
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13 of 14 people found the following review helpful
5.0 out of 5 stars An Everlasting Book! Fantastic! April 8, 2012
Format:Kindle Edition|Amazon Verified Purchase
Immortality: The Quest to Live Forever and How it Drives Civilization by Stephen Cave

" Immortality" is the fascinating and thought-provoking book about life, death and civilization. It's about humankind's quest by one or a combination of four paths that promise immortality and whether any of these paths can deliver on that promise. Finally, with the newfound wisdom it's about following a philosophy of life that provides us with a meaningful existence. Stephen Cave holds a Ph.D. in philosophy from Cambridge University and a writer who skillfully provides the reader with a gem of a book that is enlightening and a joy to read. This 338-page book is broken out into four parts that correspond to the four narratives of immortality and a conclusion: Part I. Staying Alive, Part II. Resurrection, Part II. Soul, and Part IV. Legacy.

Positives:
1. A well written, accessible book for the masses.
2. A mesmerizing topic: immortality. The author treats the topic with utmost care and respect.
3. A fantastic format that follows logically with the author's overall thesis.
4. The four immortality narratives: Staying Alive, Resurrection, Soul, and Legacy. The entire book revolves around these four main paths.
5. The author clearly presents three main goals upfront and thoroughly succeeds in achieving them.
6. Each chapter begins with an interesting historical vignette in which the author highlights the main topic of the chapter.
7. In the first path of immortality the author goes through a number of examples that clearly show how the determination to stay alive and reproduce is one thing that all life forms have in common.
8. The Morality Paradox. The immortality narratives were created to resolve the paradox.
9. Great use of secular, religious and scientific viewpoints to go through all the arguments. Great stuff!
10. Thought-provoking quotes and ideas: "These psychologists were testing the hypothesis that we have developed our cultural worldviews in order to protect ourselves from the fear of death". Interesting.
11. The author goes through various and diverse civilizations to explain his thesis. Thus keeping the book fresh and interesting. "Civilization is built on the promise of immortality".
12. Attempts to engineer immortality. The Engineering Approach to immortality. Transhumanists...
13. The significance of resurrection and the three major problems with it.
14. The impact of Paul to Christianity.
15. The importance of rituals, "This is the function of religion at its grandest: enabling mere mortals to attain cosmic significance, to become one with their gods and so to attain immortality."
16. Cryonics, interesting stuff.
17. My favorite section of the book, the thorough debunking of the soul.
18. The idea of the soul, its claims and the implications.
19. The history and evolution of the concept of the soul. From soul to self...
20. The argument from neuroscience against the existence of the soul.
21. The concepts of heaven.
22. Scientific and religious looks at the soul. Eastern and Western religions.
23. Legacy what it means and how it is achieved. Great examples.
24. Great quotes, "Jean Rostand wrote in 1939, "Kill one man, and you are a murderer. Kill millions of men, and you are a conqueror. Kill them all, and you are a god."
25. Fascinating facts, " By spring 2011, Facebook, had over 600 million active users and counting."
26. The "bundle theory" of the self and the problems associated with it.
27. Nation's myth of common ancestry.
28. Planet Earth, the biggest superorganism, Gaia. Global consciousness.
29. The author does a wonderful job of summarizing his finding into a satisfying conclusion.
30. A positive, secular outlook to death. The Wisdom Narrative.
31. Some great closing thoughts that will stick with me, " This is no doubt why medieval European rulers found Christianity so useful--it taught their exploited subjects to avert their eyes from the horror of their daily lives and dream instead of a future paradise."
32. How these narratives contribute to what our civilizations are.
33. A look at the impact of infinity. Enlightening.
34. The three virtues on our view of life and death.
35. A page turner of a book.

Negatives:
1. No formal bibliography.
2. A notes section was provided but it was not linked to the body of the book.
3. The author overstays his welcome a tad with the last chapter. That is, it was too long and started becoming preachy but if that's the worst thing I can find about this book well you know you got yourself a gem.
4. Charts and illustrations would have added value. For example, a chart illustrating the worldview on immortality would have been welcomed.

In summary, I really enjoyed this book. First of all, this is philosophy at its best. It asks the big questions and it follows a path that is logical and reasonable. It tackles fascinating topics surrounding immortality and it ends with a satisfying conclusion. My favorite part of this book was Part III. The Soul; finally, an author who spends some time addressing the soul in a comprehensive manner. This book was a real treat for me, treat yourself and get it! I highly recommend it.

Further suggestions: "Physics of the Future: How Science Will Shape Human Destiny and Our Daily Lives by the Year 2100" by Michio Kaku, "Paranormality: Why we see what isn't there" by Richard Wiseman, "Scientific Paranormal Investigation: How to Solve Unexplained Mysteries" by Benjamin Radford, "The Demon-Haunted World: Science as a Candle in the Dark" by Carl Sagan, "The Believing Brain: From Ghosts and Gods to Politics and Conspiracies---How We Construct Beliefs and Reinforce Them as Truths" and "Why People Believe Weird Things: Pseudoscience, Superstition, and Other Confusions of Our Time" by Michael Shermer, "The Problem Of The Soul: Two Visions Of Mind And How To Reconcile Them" by Owen Flanagan, "God Soul Mind Brain: A Neuroscientist's Reflections on the Spirit World (LeapSci)" by Michael S. A. Graziano, "The Brain and the Meaning of Life" by Paul Thagard, and "The Belief Instinct: The Psychology of Souls, Destiny, and the Meaning of Life" by Jesse Bering.
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21 of 28 people found the following review helpful
4.0 out of 5 stars A fun, thought-provoking book March 1, 2012
Format:Hardcover|Amazon Vine™ Review (What's this?)
Immortality is an enjoyable and fun book that asks the reader to consider the question of how much the quest for immortality motivates society (whether the quest is to: (1) stay alive, (2) be resurrected, (3) continue through the soul, and/or (4) legacy). The writing style is light, combining various quotes and points of view with direct and readable prose. The book summarizes philosophical arguments that are easy to follow.

As a person of faith, I found the arguments in sections 2 (resurrection) and 3 (the soul) to be a little unconvincing in light of some of the apologetics that I've read (particularly Handbook of Catholic Apologetics: Reasoned Answers to Questions of Faith). But, in the interest of fairness to the author, he specifically states Immortality is meant to be an overview, and I'm sure that he could mount a more scholarly defense of his arguments. And, in any event, I'm not going to lower my rating because you might not be a person of faith, so you might not care OR you might be a person of faith, and this will get you thinking about apologetics, which good too.

Section 4 (legacy) picks back up and is tremendously interesting. I particularly enjoyed the dissection of the personality bundle theory.

This is a fun and interesting read. It sets out to present the issue from an intelligent, but non-scholarly, viewpoint and it succeeds. Even though I disagreed with parts of it, I found that it got me thinking critically about the issues. Finally, it presents an easy and enjoyable historical perspective on events that you probably don't consider often. I recommend it to anyone that enjoys history, philosophy, and sociology.
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Most Recent Customer Reviews
5.0 out of 5 stars Speaking personally, a great book
I'm not a professional book reviewer and usually make no attempt to review the many books I read. But this book compels me to write a brief review. Read more
Published 5 days ago by Velho
4.0 out of 5 stars Four views of immortality
Interesting history of four immortality narratives: staying alive, resurrection, the soul, and legacy. Read more
Published 26 days ago by Dr. L. G. F.
4.0 out of 5 stars great reading
great well presented argument
civilizations are like individuals
not knowing that immortality are through our young
read and learn something useful
Published 1 month ago by David S. Chambers
1.0 out of 5 stars The foot notes cannot come fast enough
Stephen Cave does not take enough time to build up the background to make the sweeping assumptions that he does. Read more
Published 1 month ago by bernie
1.0 out of 5 stars Apparently quite untrustworthy
I've only just started reading this book, but already it seems pretty untrustworthy. In the first few pages, the author claims that all societies at all times and places have had a... Read more
Published 1 month ago by J. Johanning
5.0 out of 5 stars Here is a way to answer both sides of this issue
I enjoy the discussion this book has raised.

There are those who cling to a fantasy story of immortality and those who see its logical impossibility. Read more
Published 1 month ago by Jack
4.0 out of 5 stars Strong, compelling, but still....
The author tries to convince us of our ultimately futile quest for eternal life, throwing the hope of billions under a nihilist bus. Read more
Published 2 months ago by Derek
5.0 out of 5 stars Immortality
"All living things seek to perpetuate themselves into the future, but humans seek to perpetuate themselves forever. Read more
Published 3 months ago by Rodrigo Diaz
5.0 out of 5 stars Read This Book!
I have not highlighted so many sections in a book nor been led to think so deeply by one in years. I was both educated and entertained...and left richer for the experience.
Published 4 months ago by J. Dreyer
3.0 out of 5 stars Interesting Thesis, But Flawed Presuppositions
Mr. Cave has a very interesting thesis which I found compelling, but not satisfying. I think the question is not about desiring to live forever, but to answer the question of what... Read more
Published 4 months ago by P. Perrone
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