The essays in this text examine the vigorous survival of classical culture, and the way it was embraced and absorbed in such a way as to create a medieval humanism in no way inferior to the culture of the Renaissance. Essays include: the theory of Johannes Ciconia and the revision of the Medieval curriculum (Oliver B. Ellsworth); Beowulf and the Aeneid - the role of the poet in the courtly/heroic society (Fidel Fajardo-Acosta); the 12th century Renaissance in Provencal architecture (John D. Hoag); slaves and princess Terence through time (Julia Bolton Holloway); Folquet de Marselha and the classical tradition (Frede Jensen); Cicero's Pro Caelio - the first collation of the Vetus Cluniacensis in Italy (Tadeusz Maslowski); Terence, Hroswitha, Bishop Godehard and St. Nicholas' plays (John L. Murphy); Dante's comedic displacements of Ovid's Narcissus (Edward Peter Nolan); two men and a letter with beast - the book of the Maccabees, 13th-century Paris, and Colorado MS 8 (Liesel M. Nolan); the classical allusions in Gottfried von Strassburg's Tristan (Nancy W. Nolte); "Vehementer Amo" - the amorous verse epistles of Baudry of Bourgueil and Constance of Angers (Constance S. Wright).
