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The Jesus Sutras: Rediscovering the Lost Scrolls of Taoist Christianity
 
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The Jesus Sutras: Rediscovering the Lost Scrolls of Taoist Christianity [Hardcover]

Martin Palmer (Author)
4.0 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (15 customer reviews)


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Book Description

August 14, 2001
In 1907, explorers discovered a vast treasure trove of ancient scrolls, silk paintings, and artifacts dating from the 5th to 11th centuries A.D.  in a long-sealed cave in a remote region of China.  Among them, written in Chinese, were scrolls that recounted a history of Jesus' life and teachings in beautiful Taoist concepts and imagery that were unknown in the West. These writings told a story of Christianity that was by turns unique and disturbing, hopeful and uplifting. The best way to describe them is collectively, with a term they themselves use: The Jesus Sutras.

The origins of Christianity seem rooted in Western civilization, but amazingly, an ancient, largely unknown branch of Christian belief evolved in the East. Eminent theologian and Chinese scholar Martin Palmer provides the first popular history and translation of the sect's long-lost scriptures--all of them more than a thousand years old and comparable in significance to the Dead Sea Scrolls. Gathered, deciphered, and interpreted by a team of expert linguists and scholars, these sacred texts present an inspiring use of Jesus' teachings and life within Eastern practices and meditations--and provide an extraordinary window into an intriguing, profoundly gentler, more spiritual Christianity than existed in Europe or Asia at the time, or, indeed, even today.

Palmer has devoted more than a decade to seeking the extant writings and other evidence of this lost religion.  His search was triggered by an encounter with an immense, mysterious carved (stele) stone from the 8th century that resides in a Chinese museum collection called the Forest of Stones. The Chinese text on this stone commemorates the founding of a "religion of light" in China by a great Western teacher and features a unique cross that merges Taoist symbolism with the Christian cross. The scrolls, the stone, and a strange map of the area around a hallowed temple (where Lao Tzu wrote the Tao Te Ching before disappearing forever) gave Palmer enough information to rediscover one of the earliest Christian monasteries.  At the site was an  8th century pagoda still intact, and within it, in 1998, Palmer and his team found more evidence, including statues, underground passageways, and artifacts, that helped them uncover and recreate the era and rituals of the Taoist Christians.  

The Taoist Christians, who wrote the Jesus Sutras recognized equality of the sexes, preached against slavery, and practiced nonviolence toward all forms of life. In particular, this tradition offered its followers a more hopeful vision of life on earth and after death than the dominant Eastern religions, teaching that Jesus had broken the wheel of karma and its consequent punishing, endless reincarnations.

Vividly re-creating the turbulence of a distant age that is remarkably evocative of our own times, Palmer reveals an extraordinary evolution of spiritual thought that spans centuries. A thrilling modern quest that is also an ancient religious odyssey, The Jesus Sutras shares a revolutionary discovery with profound historical implications--imparting timeless messages and lessons for men and women of all backgrounds and faiths.


Editorial Reviews

Amazon.com Review

It's no secret that there were Christians in China as far back as the seventh century. But exactly what they believed has been difficult to discern. In his book The Jesus Sutras, translator and interfaith pioneer Martin Palmer begins to shed light on what he has come to call Taoist Christianity, referring to ancient texts found only a century ago and drawing on his own sleuthing in China. In a book of ambitious scope, Palmer recounts Christianity's spread eastward from Jerusalem, where it encountered and adapted to local cultures. One of those cultures was the most powerful and advanced civilization in the world--Tang China--but which was also steeped in a retro-shamanic faith known as Taoism. Just as the Chinese assimilated Buddhism by interpreting it in Taoist terms, a similarly fascinating fusion of beliefs appears to have taken place in China's Christian monasteries. Palmer takes us to the site of one of these sanctuaries, which was once the Taoist equivalent of Canterbury Cathedral and which the Chinese government is now excavating and restoring in earnest. He also offers full English translations of what he calls the Jesus Sutras, Christian tracts translated into Chinese from an unknown Eastern language. While bearing clear resemblance to traditional Christianity, differences, and what one may call advances, are also apparent--for instance, original sin becomes the goodness of original nature. The Jesus Sutras is a powerful combination of research, translation, and interpretation that not only brings the past to light but lights the way for future interfaith dialogue. --Brian Bruya

From Publishers Weekly

almer (Kuan Yin; Travels Through Sacred China) has the ability to make readers feel as if they have joined him in an exuberant and breathless Indiana Jones-style adventure, as he weaves his clues and discoveries of the early Christian Church in China. Here he examines the "Jesus Sutras," discovered by a Taoist priest in a cave in northwestern China near the end of the 19th century. Among hundreds of scrolls, books, artwork and artifacts were Christian documents dating from the early seventh to the early 11th century C.E.; the earliest texts seem to have been recorded by Persian missionaries, while those that followed seem more indigenous to Chinese culture. There are sutras of liturgy, as well as odd reinterpretations of the Bible and a form of catechism. These Christian sacred books have been translated into English only twice, both times in the 1930s by translators who knew the language but were unfamiliar with Chinese sacred works such as the Tao Te Ching and the Lotus Sutra. Palmer, with his firm grasp of early Christian history, Buddhism, Taoism, Shamanism, Confucianism and Chinese history and languages, makes a fascinating case for the scrolls' syncretism of classical Western Christian orthodoxy and Taoist beliefs. For example, the texts place a strong emphasis on Jesus' ability to save believers from the wheel of karma. Palmer has written an important and wonderful book that is accessible for a general audience. (Aug.)Forecast: What's next after the phase-out of the Celtic Christianity craze? Given the tremendous interest in Eastern spirituality in America, perhaps the market is ripe for intelligent books like this that marry historic Christianity with the wisdom traditions of the East. Many Judeo-Christian Americans who practice Buddhist or Taoist meditation techniques will be fascinated to know, as Palmer puts it, that "fourteen hundred years ago, the Jesus Sutras had already created a synthesis of Tao, Christ, and Buddha." Promotions in Tricycle and other publications should help move the title, which has a modest initial print run of 15,000.

Copyright 2001 Cahners Business Information, Inc.


Product Details

  • Hardcover: 288 pages
  • Publisher: Wellspring/Ballantine; 1 edition (August 14, 2001)
  • Language: English
  • ISBN-10: 0345434242
  • ISBN-13: 978-0345434241
  • Product Dimensions: 8.4 x 5.6 x 0.9 inches
  • Shipping Weight: 1 pounds
  • Average Customer Review: 4.0 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (15 customer reviews)
  • Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #582,096 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

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107 of 117 people found the following review helpful:
3.0 out of 5 stars "Nestorian" Church of the East not Taoist, August 16, 2001
By 
Stephen A Missick (Shepherd, TX United States) - See all my reviews
This review is from: The Jesus Sutras: Rediscovering the Lost Scrolls of Taoist Christianity (Hardcover)
As a historian of the "Nestorian" Assyrian Church of the East I am troubled by Mr. Palmer's description of this Church as Taoist Christian. The Church of the East was widespread in China, India and Mongolia during the Middle Ages. This Aramaic-speaking Church still exists in Iran and Iraq and there is a large immigrant community of these Eastern Christians in Chicago.(Aramaic was the language spoken by Jesus Christ.) The beliefs of the Church of the East are not as radically different from other churches as Mr. Palmer implies.The Church of the East is theologically orthodox and claims St. Thomas and St. Thaddeus as its founders. It has always been based in the region of Persia and sent out missionaries from there to China and India during the sixth and seventh centuries. Three books give a more balanced treatment of the history and teachings of the Assyrian Church of the East and they also deal accurately with the so-called "Jesus Sutras"-the writings of the Nestorian church written in Chinese and found in Turfan and Tunhuang in western China. These include "A History of Christianity in China" by Samuel Hugh Moffett, "Christianity in Asia before 1500" by Ian Gillman and Hans-Joachim Klimkiet and ""By Foot To China" by John M.L. Young
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53 of 57 people found the following review helpful:
4.0 out of 5 stars Great service but flawed introduction, May 11, 2002
By 
This review is from: The Jesus Sutras: Rediscovering the Lost Scrolls of Taoist Christianity (Hardcover)
This volume provides a much needed service - source material on early Chinese Christianity. The translations are supported by history of the discovery of the texts, the identification of a site of an early Christian community ... This material has previously been available only in obscure academic sources or more popular literature's hints that such material exist.

This volume is written to appeal to the more general reader and, unfortunately, to readers with a "new age" bent. Palmer attempts to build parallels between "Celtic Christianity" and the "Church of the East". His "Church of the East" is an amalgam of the Nestorians, the Syriac rite Churches (Orthodox, Catholic or Independent), and the Copts (Orthodox, Catholic, or Independent). In short, his Church history is so simplified as to be false - appealing to an inaccurate (but popular) understanding of the relationship of the Celt's Christianity to that of the broader world.

Similarly, he quickly establishes a Tibetian Christian influence on the doctrine of Boddhisattva's without recognition of a competing theory that attributed the changes to Islamic influence. He also strongly stresses the Taoist adaptations of the Christian texts while minimizing the better documented interchange between Buddhism and Christianity within the Chinese silk route context.

I am delighted to finally have the texts available, to see pictures of the artifacts, to have more historical names and dates. For that I highly recommend the book. Unfortunately, I can not say the same for his interpretation. Two times, his support for his view had me laughing. The number of pages devoted to the Eastern Church in the Penguin History of the Church tells me only the level of interest by Penguin editors not the knowledge of the West of the Eastern Church. Or, after using the Orthodox iconographic tradition to establish that the finger position of a painting was a mudra of teaching, he jumps to the conclusion that worship in the Chinese Church included mudras. Does that mean that the Orthodox must also use mudras in worship?

Yes, I am being harsh but reading this book uncritically could seriously mislead one. I have no interest in seeing a "Chinese Nestorian Christian" new-age movement to parallel the Celtic movement.

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44 of 49 people found the following review helpful:
3.0 out of 5 stars Filet Mignon in a Bun, May 19, 2002
By 
This review is from: The Jesus Sutras: Rediscovering the Lost Scrolls of Taoist Christianity (Hardcover)
It's not easy to assign a star rating to "The Jesus Sutras." The book takes a meaty subject--China's ancient Religion of Light as described in the words of its adherents--but puts a lot of bread with that beef when a simple plate would have sufficed. As a result, the nutritional value and taste experience of the whole is not what might have been.

The sutra texts, authored by contemplatives of the Da Qin monastery, are the real story here. They offer an intriguing picture of Christianity as it took form in ancient Asia. The author brings qualified collaborators and personal professional skill to the task of rendering these documents in English. The effort allows readers today to experience the remarkable synthesis of ideas presented in the scrolls.

Alas, these come served on a double bun. One mound of bread is "Sutras--The Adventure Story." The hero of the matinee is the author, clearly thrilled to be calling the Da Qin monastery to the attention of Western scholars. But the publisher's hype of this segment as an "Indiana Jones" tale does justice neither to Chinese history nor to Doctor Jones. It oversells the goods to speak of the "discovery" of a Christian monastery when the narrative itself informs us that the residents of the area knew all along what the structure was. And the hype is unnecessary. The intrinsic merit of the research justifies itself.

The other mound of bread is "Sutras--The Golden Age." This segment offers a survey of history intended to put Da Qin society in context for the non-specialist. The result is a suspiciously filtered and romantic view of the Da Qin world.

Illustrations abound. The reader gets photos, maps, samples of ancient calligraphy and inscriptions. Some items jiggle the needle on the Padding Meter (a clouded photo of a Guan Yin figure, redundant views of the pagoda) but most are helpful.

More worrisome is the way the bun portions of the book undermine the confidence earned by the scholarly translations. The ancient Chinese Christian monastic society is bathed in a golden romantic light rather like the one used to portray America's indigenous peoples in the film "Dances with Wolves." A portrayal of real people in history takes a back seat to presenting Da Qin society as The Solution To All Our Modern Problems.

Da Qin society is portrayed as a kind of Taoist-Christian Camelot. The author tells us he weeps when he visits its ruins. But inquisitive readers will notice that many questions, even rather obvious ones, go unasked. As the book describes it, little interest in the Da Qin Christianity seems to have existed among the region's population. The monastery's existence seems to have depended much more on well-placed patronage. Why isn't this explored? Would doing so dim the intended Utopian glow? In a concluding apotheosis (p.254), the author suggests that "voices from the Church's first millennium, unheard in the second millennium, could be a turning point for Church or Churches in the third millennium." It's a grandiose vision--one that just happens to give the author's book a little millennial importance of its own.

Moments like this make it hard to feel we are in the best of hands. The subject is a worthy one: the texts deserve to be better known. But the author's vision of unveiling mysteries for the betterment of humanity in the third millennium raises the question: how many of the book's conclusions arise from scholarship and how much from personal mythos? We are told by the author, for example, that the Da Qin monks treated women in a more enlightened manner than their counterparts in Confucian and Buddhist monasteries. Can we trust this? The statement is vague and no sources are cited to support it. Are there historical records to support this statement or is the idea read back into history because it happens to be on someone's wish list for the third millennium? With only this book in hand to serve as a check on itself, we can't be sure.

Score: 4.5 stars for Beef, 1 star for Bun

Readers would be well served with a scholarly new translation of the Da Qin sutras--maybe these, or another new translation--presented in a volume that eschews mythmaking to elucidate the texts themselves. It would be all to the good if commentary and notes balanced popular and scholarly interests in a rigorous, credible and well-informed way. We may soon have such a book. It may already exist. But "The Jesus Sutras" is not it.
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