In the last couple of years, several short introductions/brief biographies pertaining to Jonathan Edwards have been published. The impetus behind the publications appears to be a concerted effort to make Edwards more accessible to the average reader, even targeted groups of average readers. Such is the case with Douglas A. Sweeney's new book, Jonathan Edwards and the Ministry of the Word: A Model of Faith and Thought. As he states in the Preface, "I have written [this book] with Christians at the forefront of my mind" (17). Thus, this book is intended for Christians who desire to know more about the man so often deemed "America's greatest theologian." More than simply a biography, however, Jonathan Edwards and the Ministry of the Word, is an intimate look at the lifelong love affair that Jonathan Edwards had with the Bible, a relationship that would permeate every aspect of his life, writings, and ministry.
Sweeney begins the book by examining the place of the Bible in eighteenth century colonial American life. He concludes that the society into which Edwards was born, "may have been the most biblically oriented and literate society in the world" (28), a society thoroughly saturated with the Bible every moment of the day, especially on Sundays. After a brief introduction to Edwards's world, Sweeney moves to a discussion of Edwards's early life in the first chapter, "Study to Shew Thyself Approved." This chapter details Edwards's early experience with the Bible and experimental religion, discussing especially the education Edwards received at home under his father Timothy, and during his collegiate years at Yale. This chapter also includes a discussion of Edwards's conversion to Christianity, his first pastorate in New York City, and some of his earliest writings.
Chapter two, "Preach the Word," opens with Jonathan's arrival in Northampton to become the assistant pastor to the great Solomon Stoddard, later assuming the head pastor position after Stoddard dies in 1729. Here Sweeney gives us an up-close glimpse into Edwards's life as pastor of Northampton: what his days were like, what his relationships with his congregation and with his family were like (I appreciate the very balanced discussion of Edwards's family life, acknowledging how gentle and loving a father and husband he was, but making no pains to gloss over the fact that Jonathan Edwards was also a slave owner), and what he was like as a preacher, in structure, rhetoric, and mannerisms. "Search the Scriptures," the third chapter of the book, narrows into a more focused look at Edwards's intimate relationship with the Bible. It brings a rare discussion of Edwards's exegetical methods, how he viewed the inspiration of Scripture, and the meticulous way in which he interpreted and applied Scripture in his ministry and writings.
Such application would come into controversy during the years of the Great Awakening revivals, which is the primary subject of chapter four, "Try the Spirits." This chapter discusses the experimental religion aspect of Edwards's thought and writings. In other words, it discusses Edwards's answer to the question, "How does the Holy Spirit work in the life of a Christian, especially at conversion?" Chapter four ends with the sad tale of Edwards's dismissal from the church at Northampton. Chapter five, "With All Thy Mind," shifts the narrative away from the more practical elements of Edwards's theology to the more theoretical and doctrinal. It discusses Edwards's heaviest treatises, including Freedom of the Will, Original Sin, and Edwards's two dissertations, The End for Which God Created the World and The Nature of True Virtue. But though these works are quite heady and hard to grasp, Sweeney does a remarkable job helping the reader better understand what Edwards was attempting to do through them.
Chapter six, "As the Waters Cover the Sea," examines the post-Northampton years of Edwards's life, including his work as a missionary to the Stockbridge Indians, and his brief stint as President of The College of New Jersey (later, Princeton) before his death in 1758. Most notable in this chapter is Sweeney's discussion of Edwards's influence and impact on modern missionary efforts, especially with the publication of his Life of David Brainerd. The final chapter of the book is entitled, "The Word of the Lord Endureth Forever." Its focus is the legacy of Jonathan Edwards in the centuries since his death, including his impact on theological development before and after the American Revolution, his influence on nineteenth century American literature, and brief mention of his legacy today, very much alive in the resurgence of Reformed Theology taking place in Evangelical circles.
This final chapter concludes with seven theses that Douglas Sweeney offers on how to live today using insights learned from the life and ministry of Jonathan Edwards. These theses are quite helpful and are alone worth the price of the book. As he states in the introduction of the book, the point is not to impose eighteenth century religious life on twenty-first century Christians, but instead to see how modern Christians can foster the type of Bible-soaked spiritual lives that Jonathan Edwards was known for.
All in all, this book is a very fine introduction to Edwards and his ministry. If there are any faults in this book, it may be that it's too brief! This especially pertains to chapter three, the chapter that closely examined Edwards's relationship with the Bible. This area of Edwards's work is sorely lacking in scholarly examination. I realize that such an examination is outside the purpose of the present volume, but there was enough of a tease that it left me wanting much more on this subject.
One of the biggest strengths of this book is that it is a spiritual biography that doesn't end up in hagiography. Sweeney paints a realistic portrait of Edwards, warts and all, which is so vital in looking at saints from the past. It's important to remember that, though they accomplished great things, they were human just as modern Christians are, all susceptible to the same faults and sins. Another strength of this book is that Sweeney accomplishes what he set out to do, and that is to present to Christians an account of Edwards's life and work with an emphasis on how much Scripture influenced and guided everything that Edwards did. Such an accomplishment makes this volume one of the most approachable for the modern churchgoer who may have been intimidated by reading about an eighteenth century figure who lived in a world seemingly quite different from her own. This book would be perfect for church small groups and Sunday School classes who have an interest in church history or learning more about America's greatest theologian.