This text provides a collection and analysis of over 50 Greek, Latin, Syriac, Arabic, Coptic, Ethiopic and Hebrew sources describing the abortive attempt of the Emperor Julian to rebuild the Temple of Jerusalem in 363 AD. It begins with a source-critical analysis to establish the relations between the sources and then analyzes the evolution of the tradition, explaining how and why new elements were added. It concludes by summarizing the results of the source and literary analysis and discusses the social context and ideological functions of the story in the light of the Jewish-Christian and Pagan-Christian conflicts in late antiquity. An appendix supplies a critical text and translation of the sources. The work is intended to be of interest to students of late antiquity and its religious and social history, as well as to those focusing on the growth and transmission of popular legends.
