The Language of War: Literature and Culture in the U.S. from the Civil War through World War II [Hardcover]

James Dawes (Author)

Book Description

Publication Date: February 28, 2002

The Language of War examines the relationship between language and violence, focusing on American literature from the Civil War, World War I, and World War II. James Dawes proceeds by developing two primary questions: How does the strategic violence of war affect literary, legal, and philosophical representations? And, in turn, how do such representations affect the reception and initiation of violence itself? Authors and texts of central importance in this far-reaching study range from Louisa May Alcott and William James to William Faulkner, the Geneva Conventions, and contemporary American organizational sociology and language theory.

The consensus approach in literary studies over the past twenty years has been to treat language as an extension of violence. The idea that there might be an inverse relation between language and violence, says Dawes, has all too rarely influenced the dominant voices in literary studies today. This is an ambitious project that not only makes a serious contribution to American literary history, but also challenges some of the leading theoretical assumptions of our day.

(20021001)

Editorial Reviews

Review

This highly theoretical work examines the role language plays in making war real...The author constructs a careful philosophical understanding of 19th-century modes of situating war through various narrative and rhetorical strategies...[This book] is elegant and suited to complex philosophical inquiry. (B. Adler Choice )

This book is a meditation on the relationship between violence and language, not only in the ways that violence impedes, corrals, or squelches speech but also in the ways the assumptions embedded in words trigger, presume, or encourage violence. The book shows the ways -- potentially -- language can challenge violence and expose the terror and silencing of war. (Lyde Cullen Sizer Journal of American History )

The Language of War reminded me of my first reading of Paul Fussell's The Great War and Modern Memory. Dawes's intellectual history of how language was used for 100 years in thinking and writing about war gives us the critical tools to understand his inquiry into the difficulties of meaning inherent in formulations of modern laws of war. (Thomas Palaima The Times Higher Education Supplement )

Immensely readable. (Civil War Book Review )

From the Back Cover

From the Book During war language is censored, encrypted, and euphemized; imperatives replace dialogue, and nations communicate their intentions most dramatically through the use of injury rather than symbol; talks are broken off, individuals are reduced to silence by traumatic experience, and witnesses are exterminated. War's violence shrinks langauge and damages communication; this diminishment of discourse (arguments, pleas, justifications, appeals for sympathy) in turn enables more violence. In the following chapters three primary features in the development of modern violence are examined: first, the multiplication of violence in the Civil War, with its unthinkable body-counts and its anguished deabte over the moral status of both the individual soldier and the language used to commemorate him; second, the industrialization of violence in World War I, with its startling innovations in weapons technology and its subsequent destabilization of basic moral categories like caring and harming, intimacy and injury; and third, the rationalized organization of violence in World War II, which saw language shattered in the centralizing bureaucracies of the military-industrial complex and reinvented in the rise of international human rights law. Drawing upon legal theory, moral philosophy, and organizational sociology, this book analyzes how the pressures of violence in each historical moment gave rise to important changes in aesthetic forms and cultural discourses, and develops a theory of force and discourse that links specialized modes of verbalization to the deceleration of violence.

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Product Details

• Hardcover: 320 pages
• Publisher: Harvard University Press (February 28, 2002)
• Language: English
• ISBN-10: 0674006488
• ISBN-13: 978-0674006485
• Product Dimensions: 9.5 x 6.5 x 1.2 inches
• Shipping Weight: 1.4 pounds
• Average Customer Review: 3.5 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (2 customer reviews)
• Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #2,549,172 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

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8 of 17 people found the following review helpful:

2.0 out of 5 stars A deconstruction of war literature, December 26, 2002

By A Customer

This review is from: The Language of War: Literature and Culture in the U.S. from the Civil War through World War II (Hardcover)

I do not recommend this book, which is a jungle of deconstructionist jargon in which there are a few lucid lakes in plain English containing important quotes and insights about the challenge of war to morality. The theme is that war has always challenged the rule of law (Cicero: "Silent enim leges inter arma" -- in time of war the law is silent [pg. 200]) and the fog of war confuses any sense of moral rectitude and certainty (Clausewitz: "`In the conduct of war, perception cannot be governed by laws.' War produces `a kind of twilight, which, like fog or moonlight, often tends to make things seem grotesque.'" -- I had not appreciated that Clausewitz applied "the fog of war" far beyond the battlefield.). For those who believe that language defines thought and law and culture (as Dawes does), war tortures language to such a degree that it must be reconstructed (in literature) after the war's end to return to a sense of moral meaning to life. I do not share his views, as I find a greater meaning and deception in the power of symbols than in the power of words. Further, he seems to believe in an idealistic precision of language, and is perplexed, not by change, but by the twists of ambiguity that war engenders. For my part, I find that the flexibility of language allows it to cover the unparseable complexity of the real world, with the down side that humans can sea-lawyer their way out of almost any intended meaning (as in the application of the Geneva Conventions -- Dawes cites the Netherlands attempted refusal to classify Indonesian prisoners in the 1950 war as Prisoners of War under the convention of 1949 because the convention states that it should apply "even if the state of war is not recognized by one of [the parties]" -- it did not say "one or more" and neither side did... The pressure of the international community forced them to back down, and the wording of the COnvention was subsequently changed. [pg. 206])

His thesis: in the literature of the U.S each major war has brought forth authors with a different post-war perspective which has revised the language and its use (Catch-22: "` Didn't they show it to you?' Yossarian demanded, stamping about in anger and distress. `Didn't you even make them read it?' `They didn't have to show us Catch-22, the old woman answered. `They don't have to.' `What law says they don't have to. What law says they don't have to?' `Catch-22.'" [pg 180] -- la plus ça change...). The book is interesting for calling one's attention to such forgotten passages as this one that are so relevant today, and particularly for his deconstructive analysis of Hart Crane and Hemmingway...

However, his "insights" are not at all original or exceptional (although our present regime in its war enthusiasm blithely ignores them and their implications). They are certainly hard won for the author through the obscurity of the borrowed jargon he uses in his approach to literature -- and thus the more so for the reader.

1 of 9 people found the following review helpful:

5.0 out of 5 stars NOT TO BE MISSED!, April 2, 2003

By A Customer

This review is from: The Language of War: Literature and Culture in the U.S. from the Civil War through World War II (Hardcover)

In today's world, this book is a must read if you want a better understanding of much of what you're reading and hearing. I can't recommend it highly enough!